Brepols

This book thrusts the reader into the intellectual turmoil of medieval Europe. In interrelated studies of largely unexplored material dating from the ninth through to the fourteenth centuries, the contributors explore changes in functions and forms of liturgical poetry and music, and of biblical interpretation.

Although the twelfth century constitutes the main focus, the phenomena dealt with here had roots in earlier times and remained in circulation in later centuries. The cultural heritage of the Carolingian intellectuals tied to the palace school of Charles the Bald is examined in a liturgical context. Forms and ideas from this period were reused and transformed in the twelfth century, as represented here by sequences, tropes, Abelard’s poetry, the Gloss to Lamentations, and ritual representations or ‘liturgical drama’. The two final chapters treat fourteenth-century uses and understandings of Boethius’s De institutione musica and the new genre of sequence commentaries, both dealing with later medieval views on music theory and liturgical poetry from an earlier period, thus connecting the end of the book to its beginning. The sections are interspersed with philosophical reflections on overriding themes of the contributions. The volume concludes with an anthology of poetic texts in Latin with English translations and musical transcriptions.

Kings, aristocrats, peasants, and the Church are among the shared features of most early medieval societies. However, these also varied dramatically in time and space. Can petty regional kings, for instance, be compared to those in charge of a whole empire? Scale is a crucial factor in modelling, explaining, and conceptualizing the past. Furthermore, many issues that historians and archaeologists treat independently can be theorized together as processes of scale decrease or increase: the appearance of complex societies, the rise and collapse of empires, changing world-systems, and globalization. While a subject of much discussion in fields such as ecology, geography, and sociology, scale is rarely theorized by archaeologists and historians. This book highlights the potential of the concepts of scale and scale change for comparing and explaining medieval socio-spatial processes. It integrates regional and temporal variations in the fragmentation of the Roman world and the emergence of medieval polities, which are often handled separately by late antique and early medieval specialists. The result of a three-year research project, the nine case studies in this volume offer fresh insights into early medieval rural society while combining their individual subjects to generate a wider explanatory framework.

Dans le langage commun, le scepticisme apparaît comme l’opposé de la religion. Cette opposition est le produit d’une histoire, d’une relation diachronique aussi tumultueuse que forte. La richesse de ce processus a été mise en évidence par les travaux, notamment de Popkin, portant sur la Renaissance et le « libertinage ». En revanche, la question a été beaucoup moins approfondie pour l’Antiquité et le Moyen Âge. Les contributions réunies dans ce volume, qui vont de la philosophie hellénistique à la philosophie médiévale, visent donc à repenser sans préjugé la totalité du problème, avec l’espoir d’aboutir à une représentation nouvelle du lien ou de l’absence de lien entre ces deux éléments fondamentaux de la pensée occidentale.

Anne-Isabelle Bouton-Touboulic est Professeur de langue et littérature latines à l’Université de Lille. Spécialiste de saint Augustin et de la réception des philosophies anciennes dans l’Antiquité tardive, elle est l’auteur notamment de L’ordre caché. La notion d’ordre chez saint Augustin, Paris, 2004.

Carlos Lévy est Professeur émérite de littérature et philosophie romaines à l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV). Ses recherches portent sur la philosophie hellénistique et romaine (particulièrement Cicéron), sur Philon d’Alexandrie et sur la présence de la philosophie antique dans la pensée contemporaine. Parmi ses principales publications : Cicero Academicus, Rome, 1992 ; Les scepticismes, Paris, 2008.

The xx th International Congress of History of Science (Liège, July 1997) was the first to be held after Joseph Needham (1900-1995) passed away. During the Congress the symposium entitled “Global history of science” was dedicated to this scholar usually recognised as the founder of the study of East Asian science. The symposium aimed at highlighting the significance of his research, which has influenced historians of science in their study of all civilisations. The papers presented there and included in this volume focus on various historiographical and methodological issues raised by Needham’s work and on questions which he has opened to investigation. These issues and questions are relevant not only to the history of East Asian science and technology, but also to the history of science at large, once one envisions it in a global perspective. This volume is rounded off by four further papers that are representative of current research in the history of East Asian science.

Les huit premiers versets de la Genèse forment un tout, par la densité même des images sur lesquelles sest exercée une exégèse scienti que, philosophicothéologique et spirituelle multiséculaire pour élaborer une métaphysique et une spiritualité de la création. Comment cette spéculation se dégage-t-elle des images bibliques construites par couples dopposés - ciel/terre, lumière/ténèbres, eaux den haut/eaux den bas ?

Les huit premiers versets de la Genèse parlent de la création : commencement du monde, principe divin du monde, a rmation dune toute-puissance en action. Mais du texte hébreu à ses versions grecques et latines, ce texte fondateur pose de nombreuses di cultés de vocabulaire et dinterprétation, di cultés auxquelles se sont confrontés les exégètes du monde antique et médiéval. ue ce soit dans la littérature exégétique, encyclopédique, poétique, voire dans les représentations gurées, larticulation de lexégèse nest pas univoque, mais dépend des langages adoptés, littéraires ou artistiques, tout autant que des objectifs poursuivis. On assiste à la mise en oeuvre d’une culture diversifiée, mais cette diversi cation recoupe souvent une non-diversi cation dans linterprétation qui est, au moins tendanciellement, dordre spirituel. Réciproquement, dans le déchi rement du monde, les di érents savoirs constituent autant de degrés qui mènent à Dieu.

Il est dautres questions, dordre plus spéci quement « littéraire » : comment les exégètes antiques ou médiévaux ont-ils abordé ce récit de la Création ? uelle(s) logique(s) du texte sacré ont-ils dégagée(s) au l du temps ? Comment problèmes et réponses évoluent-ils à travers les commentaires en hébreu, en grec ou en latin ? À l’étude du substrat scientifico-philosophique doit donc sajouter celle de la mise en forme du texte.

This volume illustrates the old and fruitful dialogue between historians of science and philosophers, as well as new collaborations with artists. It includes two symposia. The first one is on the history of scientific models, the seond is on science and music. It also contains papers on the philosophy of mathematics, physics, technology and politics, but also on Aristotle, Lucretius, Bacon, Le Bon, Spengler, Reichenbach, and Kuhn.

This is the first of a series of thematic volumes consisting of a selection of papers from the 20th International Congress of History of Science, which was held in Liège in 1997, and organised by the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS), an organisation linked to UNESCO through the International Council for Science (ICSU).

The present volume deals with the relationship between science, technology and politics in the 20th century, with a special emphasis on some areas of the world that recently underwent serious political change including the German Democratic Republic and other countries from the former "Eastern bloc" such as Hungary, Ukraine, the Baltic countries, Russia, and countries in Central Asia. Individual contributions from Japan, Algeria and Portugal have also been included, since they should help initiate a transnational reflection on the subject.

Scotland’s Royal Women and European Literary Culture, 1424–1587 seeks to fill a significant gap in the rich and ever-growing body of scholarly work on royal and aristocratic women’s literary culture in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. There has, to date, been no book-length study of the literary activities of the female members of any one family across time and little study of Scotland’s royal women in comparison to their European and English counterparts. This book adopts the missing diachronic perspective and examines the wives and daughters of Scotland’s Stewart dynasty and their many and various associations with contemporary Scottish, English, and European literary culture over a period of just over 150 years. It also adopts a timely cross-border and cross-period perspective by taking a trans-national approach to the study of literary history and examining a range of texts and individuals from across the traditional medieval/early modern divide. In exploring the inter-related lives and letters of the women who married into the Scottish royal family from England and Europe — and those daughters who married outwith Scotland into Europe’s royal families — the resultant study consistently looks beyond Scotland’s land and sea borders. In so doing, it moves Scottish literary culture from the periphery to the centre of Europe and demonstrates the constitutive role that Scotland’s royal women played in an essentially shared literary and artistic culture.

Scribes played complex, often overlooked roles in the production of hand-written texts across Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. Some scribes simply copied the exemplar; other scribes participated with authors and decorators in establishing the miseen- page and overall appearance of a text. Many decisions needed to be made regarding the selection of text script; the style of rubrication, display scripts, and initials; the placement and execution of potentially elaborate illuminated images. What was the role of the scribe in contributing to the decision-making process or in determining the final format and material appearance of a document, scroll or codex?

This volume explores many of the choices that a single scribe or groups of scribes would need to make when writing and presenting a text, whether in a monastic, cathedral or lay setting. The articles in the volume range from case studies of a single artifact to the analysis of multiple copies and versions of a particular text.

The authors include eminent specialists in the field of manuscript studies as well as midand early career scholars.

This volume contains the proceedings of the international symposium on Augustine’s correspondence held at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland) on 25-26 June 2015, which was a part of a wider project dedicated to the study of Augustine’s correspondence. Another part of the project is a fully searchable on-line catalogue of issues present in the Letters (www.scrinium.umk.pl).

The papers presented in the book access the large corpus of Augustine’s epistles from various academic perspectives (theological, philosophical, historical, literary and rhetorical). First, the present study is thematically more wide-ranging than any of those that had been previously published on this subject; second, it is interdisciplinary in its focus and methodology; third, it provides new, substantial insights into selected problems of Augustine’s work; fourth, it approaches the Letters from two complementary, methodological perspectives: the first part of the book contains papers which study widely defined problem in the light of the whole corpus, while those in the second part deal with specific problems found in particular letters. The result is a significant contribution to our understanding of the complex and fascinating Augustinian world, seen through the lens of his letters, provided by authors whose academic experience and scholarly achievements guarantee its quality.

The Scythians have fascinated investigators since the time of Herodotus. This study examines the bronze and silver coinage of the kingdom of Scythia Minor in Dobruja at the mouth of the Danube River, a Scythian successor state that emerged in the second century bce after the breakup of Scythia Magna. It is based on a corpus of over 1,500 coins, more than ever before, and draws upon scholarship in nine languages, including hard-to-find sources from Bulgaria, Romania, USSR, Ukraine, and Russia. The much-debated chronology of the six kings of Scythia Minor (Kanites, Tanousas, Charaspes, Ailis, Sariakes, and Akrosas) is determined through literary evidence, inscriptions, die linkage, shared monograms, coin hoards, and counterstamps. Metrological analysis distinguishes four denominations, plus the alterations and debasements of the weight standard during the troubled reigns of Ailis and Sariakes. Fifteen counterstamps that appear on Scythian coins are attributed to the local Greek poleis of Callatis, Tomis, Istros, and Dionysopolis. An inventory of four hoards and 47 findspots of single coins identifies the mint site, Dionysopolis. The volume concludes with a catalog of 63 major coin types and 15 counterstamps, plus bibliography and index.

This interdisciplinary collection examines the notion of sedition in the period of the French Wars of Religion (1560-1600) and focuses not only on France itself, but also on Scotland during the reign of the French-born Mary Queen of Scots. Composed of eleven chapters written by an international team of experts, this volume concentrates on the political aspects of sedition rather than religious heresy, and covers writings and publications in a wide range of fields: politics, history, law, literature, and gender. A complementary feature of this collection is the spectrum of writings studied; they include edicts and treatises, pamphlets, broadsides, legal documents, dialogues, and satirical prose and poetry. Several chapters also address visual representations of sedition.

An Introduction and a Conclusion provide synthetic analyses of the material studied in the individual chapters. This is a collection which will appeal to readers with interests in the history of political ideas and thought, the comparative study of monarchical government, and concepts of tyranny and resistance, discord, rebellion, and revolt.

Limiting itself to the vital centuries when the late Roman West reshaped itself into a first “Europe”, the conference on which the volume is based explored the dominant understanding of human nature in that era: that human existence was both body (in the visible world of material things) and soul (in the invisible world of spirit). This was a legacy of pre-Christian elements handed down from Greek philosophy and the Hebrew Scriptures. Assimilating it to indigenous cultures in the Roman West, many alien to the ancient Mediterranean world, precipitated sea-changes in the conception of human psychology. Ensuing frictions sparked extraordinary expressions of creativity in words and visual images. It also created dangerously subversive disequilibria in the collective mentality within élites and between them and majority cultures. The papers in this volume investigate numerous configurations of a new culture taking shape in that volatile environment. They contribute to continuing debates about the cognitive co-ordination of words and pictorial images, and to cross-disciplinary dialogues in such disparate fields as art history, religious literature, mysticism, and cultural anthropology.

La variété des contributions réunies dans ce volume reflète la diversité des centres d’intérêt de Gérard Freyburger, auquel des spécialistes de différents domaines des sciences de l’Antiquité ont tenu à rendre hommage. Prolongeant l’héritage de Robert Schilling, il a longtemps dirigé l’Institut de Latin de l’Université de Strasbourg et co-dirigé avec Laurent Pernot le Centre d’Analyse des Rhétoriques Religieuses de l’Antiquité (CARRA). Convaincu de l’importance d’une approche pluridisciplinaire des sciences de l’Antiquité, il a porté des projets collectifs et dirigé de nombreuses thèses portant sur la religion romaine, la philologie latine et la réception de la culture païenne dans l’Antiquité tardive et à la Renaissance.

Les contributions de ce volume sont regroupées en cinq thématiques qui illustrent ses principaux domaines de recherche. Il est ainsi question de religion romaine et de magie, de rhétorique et de philosophie, du modèle virgilien et de sa postérité, des relations entre auteurs païens et chrétiens, de perspectives comparatistes et d’Antiquité rémanente. Le recueil témoigne de la fécondité d’approches croisées et fait dialoguer l’histoire des religions, la philologie grecque et latine, l’histoire et l’archéologie ainsi que les méthodes comparatistes pour rendre hommage à celui qui s’est engagé, durant toute sa carrière, pour promouvoir les recherches interdisciplinaires sur le monde romain antique.

In the early thirteenth century the diocese of Liège witnessed an extraordinary religious revival, known to us largely through the abundant corpus of saints' lives from that region. Cistercian monks, nuns, beguines, and recluses formed close-knit networks of spiritual friendship that easily crossed the boundaries of gender, religious status, and even language. Holy women such as Mary of Oignies and Christina the Astonishing were held up by their biographers as models of orthodoxy and miraculous powers. Less familiar but no less fascinating are the male saints of the region. In this volume Martinus Cawley, ocso, has translated a trilogy of Cistercian lives composed by the same hagiographer, Goswin, who was a monk and cantor at the celebrated abbey of Villers in Brabant. Although all three of these saints were connected with the same order, their versions of holiness represent a study in contrasts, from the compassionate nun Ida of Nivelles, remarkable for her eucharistic raptures, to the fiercely ascetic lay brother Arnulf, to the gentle monk Abundus, renowned for his deep liturgical and Marian piety. The title Send Me God derives from a revealing catch-phrase that devout men and women used to request prayers from their spiritual friends.

Die Predigten Balduins von Ford († 1190), englischer Zisterzienserabt und später Erzbischof von Canterbury, gehören zu den Meisterwerken monastischer Literatur des Mittelalters. Er behandelt in diesen 22 Ansprachen die Seligpreisungen der Heiligen Schrift, die Liebe, das Leben in Gemeinschaft, das Geheimnis der Eucharistie und Fragen des klösterlichen Lebens. Der Autor verbindet bei seinen Ausführungen folgerichtiges Denken, solide Kenntnis der Heiligen Schrift und der Theologie mit einer feinen Aufmerksamkeit für geistliche Erfahrungen im Alltag. So kann er über die Jahrhunderte hinweg den Leser unmittelbar ansprechen und zu einer Reflexion über sich und seine Beziehung zu Gott anregen. Die deutsche Übersetzung dieser Predigten ist die erste ihrer Art und erschließt somit neue Reichtümer der monastischen Theologie für die Menschen unserer Zeit.

M. Hildegard Brem, Doktor der Philosophie und Magister der Naturwissenschaften, Äbtissin der Zisterzienserinnenabtei Mariastern in Österreich, arbeitet seit Jahrzehnten an der Übersetzung lateinischer Texte der Zisterzienserliteratur. Sie wirkte auch maßgeblich bei der deutschen Gesamtherausgabe der Werke Bernhards von Clairvaux mit.

Der zugrundeliegende Text dieses Bandes erschien 1991 in der Reihe Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaeualis als Balduinus de Forda, Sermones (CCCM 99), herausgegeben von David N. Bell. Die Ziffern am Seitenrand verweisen auf die entsprechenden Seiten der Edition.

Le présent volume offre la traduction française des 108 sermons d’Hermann de Reun.

D’Hermann on sait seulement qu’il est l’auteur de ces sermons et qu’il devait être chargé de la bibliothèque du monastère ; on peut supposer qu’il en fut aussi l’abbé. Reun se situait aux confins de l’Empire, ce qui serait actuellement l’Est de l’Autriche, près de Graz. C’était un monastère cistercien de la lignée de Morimont, fondé en 1129.

Cette centaine de sermons est à dater du dernier quart du xiie siècle. En plusieurs séries, ils ponctuent les grandes fêtes liturgiques de l’année. Ce qui les caractérise, ce sont les très nombreux emprunts - des emprunts de détail ou de longs extraits - à d’autres prédicateurs : les Pères de l’Église d’abord (comme Augustin et Grégoire le Grand), et par ailleurs des auteurs du Moyen Âge (comme Bède, Paschase Radbert et saint Bernard) dont certains sont contemporains de l’auteur (comme Rupert de Deutz ou Radulfe de Cantorbery). Pourtant le tissu de ces textes est unifié et ne laisse guère deviner la diversité de ces sources : sur telle fête l’auteur peut aligner plusieurs sermons sans se répéter. D’une part il enseigne, en particulier sur le mystère de l’incarnation du Christ et de sa préparation en la Vierge Marie. Et d’autre part il exhorte, appliquant le mystère à la vie chrétienne, dans une prédication de la repentance surtout, du retour à Dieu, mais riche de thèmes divers.

En plus d’une importante source historique de la prédication au Moyen Âge, on trouvera ici des index et des sous-titres, de quoi nourrir une vie spirituelle aujourd’hui.

Ces sermons sont restés inédits pour la plupart jusqu’à l’édition critique donnée par E. Mikkers en 1986 dans le Corpus Christianorum. Conntinuatio Mediaeualis (CC CM 64). Des renvois aux pages correspondantes de l’édition sont fournis dans les marges de cette publication.

Le traducteur, Pierre-Yves Emery, est frère de la Communauté de Taizé ; depuis plus de quarante ans il traduit des textes cisterciens, à commencer par certaines oeuvres de Bernard de Clairvaux.

The corpus of sermons and saints’ lives from early medieval England, in English and Latin, is the largest and most varied of its kind from a contemporary European perspective. In recent years this extraordinary body of literature has attracted increasing attention, as witnessed by an efflorescence of new editions, translations, commentaries, essay collections, dissertations, and amply funded research projects such as the Electronic Corpus of Anonymous Old English Homilies (ECHOE) project based at the University of Göttingen.

The present collection of thirteen essays grew out of a 2022 conference sponsored by the ECHOE project on Old English anonymous homilies and saints’ lives and their sources and reflects the best of current scholarship on early medieval homiletic and hagiographic literature from England. This literature is central to an understanding of the spiritual imagination and social practices of non-élite audiences. Together, they introduce new discoveries, identify new sources, edit new texts, make new claims about authors, revisers, and textual relationships, revise previous arguments about aspects of literary history, and provide new interpretations of Old English and Latin sermons and saints’ lives. These studies show vividly how European learning influenced the liturgical practices and peripheral education of early medieval England.

Contributors include Helen Appleton, Aidan Conti, Claudia Di Sciacca, R. D. Fulk, Thomas N. Hall, Christopher A. Jones, Leslie Lockett, Rosalind Love, Hugh Magennis, Stephen Pelle, Jane Roberts, Winfried Rudolf, and Charles D. Wright.

This volume aims to define the changing nature of lordship in Viking and early medieval Scandinavia. Advances in settlement archaeology and cultural geography have revealed new aspects of social power in Viking Age and early medieval Scandinavia. The organization of settlement is increasingly well understood and gives evidence of strong social differentiation in rural settlement. Historical research, however, increasingly portrays these societies as characterized by elementary social networks at a personal level rather than at the level of formal institutions. Can these representations be reconciled? When did the possession of land, in the form of manors or large demesne farms, become an important source of power and authority? This question has generated intense debate internationally in recent years, but there is no comprehensive overview for Scandinavia. New sources and approaches allow us to question the traditional view that Scandinavian aristocrats developed from Viking raiders into Christian landlords. Seventeen thematic chapters by leading scholars survey and assess the state of research and provide a new baseline for interdisciplinary discussions. How were social ties structured? How did lordship and dependency materialize in modes of agriculture, settlement, landscape, and monuments? The book traces the power of tributary relations, forged through personal ties, gifts, duties, and feasting in great halls, and their gradual transformation into the feudal bonds of levies and land-rent.

In recent years numerous advances in archaeological and historical studies have enhanced our understanding of the form and function of settlements and strongholds in the landscapes of early medieval England. Until now, this groundbreaking work has not been matched in studies of early English literature, where no concerted effort has been made to investigate how these findings can inform our understanding of their representation in texts - and vice versa.

This study shows that literary works offer considerable insight into the ways their authors, readers, and other audiences thought and felt about the constructed places and spaces in which they lived their lives. Covering a broad range of evidence from the end of Roman rule to the Conquest, it is the first study of its kind to offer an interdisciplinary account of the relationship between the built environment as it appears in the material record, and in a range of textual productions.

Settlements and Strongholds interrogates correlations and disjunctions between the stories found in the soil and in written works of various kinds, focusing on vernacular texts and Latin works that informed their development. It argues for a deeper appreciation of the relationship between imaginative works and the material contexts in which they were created, revealing the parallel development of ideas and concepts that were fundamental in shaping early medieval England.

La loi islamique ou šaria, qui utilise le Coran et les traditions prophétiques, est loin de se confondre avec ces données primitives. Elle a peu a peu précisé son vocabulaire, sa méthode, ses procédés de raisonnement, pour donner lieu à une discipline autonome, le fiqh. Cette science de la loi, impuissante à trouver une expression unique, s’est codifiée dans plusieurs écoles concurrentes ou rites (madahib) qui finirent, comme on sait, par se réduire à quatre dans l’islam sunnite. Quant à l’histoire du fiqh, elle comporte bien des zones d’ombre. Fort obscure, en particulier, est la période immédiatement antérieure à la formation des écoles, qui commence avec le iiie siècle de l’hégire (ixe siècle de l’ère chrétienne). C’est qu’en effet les documents historiques restent vagues ou contradictoires sur les raisons qui incitèrent les éponymes des rites, les imams réputés fondateurs, à faire preuve d’originalité créatrice. D’autre part, il semble hasardeux de remonter, faute de sources directes ou irréprochables, jusqu’à l’enseignement laissé par ces personnages clés.

Sans conteste, le cas de Šafi'i (150-204/767-820), troisième en date des quatre imams, se présente plus favorablement à cet égard. De surcroît, il aurait joué un rôle de pionnier, selon la tradition, dans la théorisation du fiqh (usūl al-fiqh). Or, paradoxalement, une monographie d’ensemble n’avait pas été écrite à ce jour sur cette personnalité. La présente étude tente de combler cette lacune. Dans une première étape, elle s’emploie, sans esquiver les questions méthodologiques préalables qui conditionnent une telle recherche, à rassembler des matériaux sur le parcours intellectuel du grand légiste mecquois. La seconde partie, qui confronte la casuistique du maître avec ses principaux écrits théoriques, dont sa fameuse Risala, permet de mesurer l’apport réel de Šafi'i à la théorie légale. Elle aboutit à remettre en question un aspect de la reconstruction tentée naguère, en fonction de certains a priori méthodologiques, par Joseph Schacht dans ses Origins of the Mohammadan Jurisprudence.

Mohyddin Yahia, docteur de l’E.P.H.E., enseigne, entre autres, l’islamologie à la Dâr al-Hadîth de Rabat. Ses recherches portent sur l’histoire du šafi‘isme et la logique légale de l’islam. Il collabore, au sein du Ministère des Affaires religieuses du Maroc, à une édition critique du Muwatta’ et contribue régulièrement aux publications du Laboratoire d’étude des monothéismes (UMR 8584).