Brepols Online Books Medieval Miscellanea Collection 2015 - bob2015mime

Dès l’Antiquité et tout au long du Moyen Âge, la Bible a été l’un des textes les plus reproduits dans le monde chrétien. Texte sacré par excellence, elle a été très largement commentée, remaniée, utilisée dans des contextes variés et avec des finalités diverses. C’est pourquoi, en tout lieu et à toute époque, elle constitua l’une des expressions les plus achevées, et parfois novatrices, du professionnalisme artisanal dans le domaine du livre médiéval. Si le texte de la Bible et sa tradition manuscrite ont depuis longtemps été l’objet d’une attention soutenue de la part des philologues, des exégètes et des historiens, il en va tout autrement pour ce qui est de son « incarnation » dans un objet matériel.

C’est aux diverses modalités de cette « incarnation » qu’était consacré le colloque international organisé à l’Université de Namur en mai 2012, dont les contributions sont ici réunies. Cette rencontre fut à la fois l’occasion de faire le point sur les connaissances déjà acquises sur la fabrication de la Bible de l’Antiquité tardive au xv e siècle, et d’ouvrir de nouvelles pistes de recherche. La perspective adoptée se veut globale et comparative, et met en lumière la diversité des solutions retenues pour répondre aux problèmes posés par la réalisation matérielle du texte sacré selon les époques et les contrées, des premières bibles pandectes à la diffusion des bibles incunables.

These papers are taken from the first of a series of five international conferences devoted to the European conjuncture in 1300. They examine the enduring influence of Michael Postan’s Malthusian model of economic crisis, and in particular the impact upon non-English speaking historians of Postan’s ideas as interpreted by Georges Duby. Through both historiographical essays and original research, the authors reinterpret the later medieval crisis on the continent and in Britain. The vision they express is of a medieval society in which economic, political, and social threads wove together town and country in a complex web extending to the furthest reaches of the ‘margin’, in the highlands of the Mediterranean and on the heaths of England. In order to understand the later medieval crisis, our attention must shift to how individuals negotiated and manoeuvred among institutions of exchange, power, and culture in their bewildering complexity rather than focus upon the modelling of reified factors.

The pivotal role of Ireland in the development of a decidedly Christian culture in early medieval Europe has long been recognized. Still, Irish scholarship on early medieval Ireland has tended not to look beyond the Irish Sea, while continental scholars try to avoid Hibernica by reference to its special Celtic background. Following the lead of the honorand of this volume, Prof. Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, this collection of 27 essays aims at contributing to a reversal of this general trend. By way of introduction to the period, the first section deals with chronological problems faced by modern scholars as well as the controversial issues relating to the reckoning of time discussed by contemporary intellectuals. The following three sections then focus on Ireland’s interaction with its neighbours, namely Ireland in the insular world, continental influences in Ireland, and Irish influences on the Continent. The concluding section is devoted to modern scholarship and the perception of the Middle Ages in modern literature.

L’histoire de bien des villes européennes a été façonnée par une ou plusieurs figures saintes dont les relations aux villes-vraies ou imaginées- ont eu des conséquences spirituelles et pratiques. La topographie de la ville, son économie, ses établissements, sa liturgie, sa réputation, et même le développement de la fierté civique des habitants, se sont forgés dans une association idiosyncratique du saint et de sa ville. La figure de l’évêque-saint, en adéquation avec ses prérogatives spirituelles et temporelles extraordinaires, représente une catégorie particulière dont ce livre a voulu tracer les contours. Le topos de la sainteté épiscopale préjuge la plupart du temps de rapports passionnels entre l’évêque et sa ville, parfois conflictuels même tant l’écart entre la sainteté vécue ou du moins ressentie peut entrer en contradiction avec une population souvent versatile mais soucieuse cependant de participer par capillarité à la sainteté de son chef de diocèse.

The eleven essays brought together in this volume explore the relations between expulsion, diaspora, and exile between Late Antiquity and the seventeenth century. The essays range from Hellenistic Egypt to seventeenth-century Hungary and involve expulsion and migration of Jews, Muslims and Protestants. The common goal of these essays is to shed light on a certain number of issues: first, to try to understand the dynamics of expulsion, in particular its social and political causes; second, to examine how expelled communities integrate (or not) into their new host societies; and finally, to understand how the experiences of expulsion and exile are made into founding myths that establish (or attempt to establish) group identities.

John Tolan is professor of history at the University of Nantes (France) and member of the Academia Europæa. He is author of numerous articles and books in medieval history and cultural studies, including Petrus Alfonsi and his Medieval Readers (1993), Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination (2002), Sons of Ishmael: Muslims through European Eyes in the Middle Ages (2008), and Saint Francis and the Sultan: The Curious History of a Christian-Muslim Encounter (2009). He is director of a major project funded by the European Research Council, “RELMIN: The legal status of religious minorities in the Euro-Mediterranean world (5th-15th centuries)” (www.relmin.eu).

Dorestad was an important harbour town in the middle of the present-day Netherlands, that had its hey-day in the Carolingian period, but was already an important settlement in the centuries before, with a famous 7th-century Frankish mint. In July 2014, the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden hosted the second Dorestad congress, exactly five years after the first. This congress was attached to the exhibition ‘Golden Middle Ages: The Netherlands in the Merovingian World, 400-700 ad’ and brought together historians, archaeologists and linguists to discuss these ‘Dark Ages’, their burials and settlements, rituals and identities, and the position of the Low Countries in the world-wide networks of early-medieval Europe. Contributions in these congress proceedings are devoted to key themes like early-medieval identity and agency, so-called royal burials in Europe, significant find categories like garnets, coins and Merovingian glass, important new sites and finds from the Low Countries and recent work in the Carolingian ‘vicus famosus’ of Dorestad.

Dr. Annemarieke Willemsen is curator of the Medieval Department of the National Museum of Antiquities (Leiden), where she organized the 2009 exhibition & congress on Carolingian Dorestad and the 200 exhibition & congress on the early-medieval Netherlands.

Hanneke Kik m.a. is project manager at the same museum, and was secretary of the Dorestad Congress in 2009 and 2014.

The Dominican scholar John of Paris was one of the most controversial members of the University of Paris in the later Middle Ages. The author of over twenty works, he is best known today for On Royal and Papal Power, a tract traditionally linked to the explosive confrontation that took place between the French king Philip IV and Pope Boniface VIII in the early years of the fourteenth century. Although his role as a royal apologist has been questioned in recent years, John’s tract is often considered the first great defence of the independence of nation-states in the face of the claims to universal authority made by popes and emperors.

Bringing together a team of international scholars with a wide range of expertise, this volume offers the first collection of essays in any language to be dedicated to an exploration of John’s thought. It re-examines his view of the relationship between Church and state, and his conception of political organization. It considers the role played by John’s background as a member of the Dominican order in shaping his ideas and breaks new ground in exploring the relationship between his various works, the origins of his thought, its development, and its legacy.

Qu’est-ce que la « formularité » dans les savoirs et les pratiques médiévales? Comment s’illustre-t-elle entre expression individuelle et normes collectives, rituels et innovations, reprises d’un modèle et créativité? La présente publication rassemble un choix parmi les contributions présentées à l’occasion du grand colloque international qui s’est tenu à Nancy et Metz du 7 au 9 juin 2012, sur le thème de l’usage de la formule dans la culture médiévale. Le colloque a accueilli des médiévistes issus de toutes les disciplines, parmi lesquelles ont été retenues ici la diplomatique (sept articles), la littérature (sept articles, auxquels s’ajoutent deux contributions sur l’hagiographie, et une sur la littérature universitaire), l’iconographie et l’architecture, mais aussi l’étude des formules dans des domaines de la vie pratique comme la magie, la médecine et chez les hérauts d’armes.

« Breviarium totius evangelii » selon l’heureuse formule de Tertullien, la prière du « Notre Père » enseignée par Jésus à ses disciples apparaît, dans l’histoire de la chrétienté, comme un moyen capital de formation spirituelle et morale, aussi bien d’un individu que d’une communauté. Son message est dévoilé, renforcé et répandu grâce à la série de commentaires et d’autres ouvrages produits autour d’elle.

Au cours du xii e siècle, on assiste à des lectures renouvelées des sept demandes de l’oraison dominicale, suscitées par différents facteurs : la multiplication des écoles urbaines et la mise en place de nouveaux instruments de formation ; la nécessité de réformer l’Église à partir de perspectives diverses, autant ecclésiastiques que laïques ; un esprit attentif aux sources et aux auctoritates.

Le but de ce recueil est de mettre en lumière les divers mouvements d’appropriation et retransmission du « Notre Père » dans différents contextes institutionnels (les écoles, les communautés de religieux, etc.) et selon une multiplicité de réécritures.

Docteur en histoire de la philosophie et histoire des idées de l’Université de Rome La Sapienza, Francesco Siri est ingénieur de recherche auprès de l’I.R.H.T. de Paris. Ses travaux portent sur les maîtres en sacra pagina du xii e siècle et l’édition des textes médiolatins.

Medieval Coins and Seals: Constructing Identity, Signifying Power showcases these objects as intrinsic and highly significant aspects of medieval visual culture, and contributes to an understanding of the many ways in which they functioned as conveyors of meaning in Western European, Islamic, and Byzantine cultures from the fifth to the fifteenth century. The essays presented here, by art historians, numismatists, sigillographers, and historians on a wide variety of coins and seals, afford fresh insight into these tantalizing relics of medieval art and the vibrant cultural roles they played at the time of their creation. Through their images and inscriptions, they conveyed complex cultural attitudes by means of sophisticated visual strategies carefully constructed to further the subjective agendas of rulers and − in the case of seals − of aristocrats, ordinary individuals, towns, corporations, and government officials. The messages conveyed by these tightly controlled objects were, above all, ones of authority, identity, and legitimacy, with goals or subtexts that included the politics of self- presentation; the construction of personal, civic, national and cultural identity; the advertisement of dynastic succession; and much more. As forceful modes of visual discourse designed to carry calculated, at times propagandistic, communications to broadly dispersed audiences, coins and seals actively served during these centuries as sociocultural agents that helped mold public opinion (as they had in antiquity), and thereby shaped the medieval world.