Brepols Online Books Medieval Miscellanea Collection 2019 - bob2019mime

El análisis de la evolución de la terminología técnica utilizada en la descripción científi ca de textos y manuscritos desde la Edad Media hasta nuestros días es el argumento que los responsables de este volumen pretenden poner al alcance del lector como tema de discusión y de reflexión. La particularidad del libro manuscrito reside en constituir un unicum donde los elementos materiales, estructurales y de contenido (texto e imagen) se relacionan necesariamente entre sí. Asimismo, los usos lingüísticos de los coetáneos de los manuscritos medievales para denominar su propia realidad libresca y textual se erigen en un objeto de estudio que ahonda en la consideración del manuscrito y del texto, de su forma y de su contenido, como entidades indisociables.

Es recomendable, por lo tanto, un acercamiento multidisciplinar al libro manuscrito, un acercamiento que exige la colaboración de especialistas de disciplinas diversas, cada una de ellas con una terminología técnica propia. Con esa perspectiva, los trabajos presentados en estas páginas servirán como descripción del estado de la cuestión y, a la vez, como punto de partida útil para que paleógrafos, codicólogos, historiadores del arte o fi lólogos comparen sus respectivos modos de abordar el análisis del libro manuscrito y de sus textos, enriqueciéndose unos a otros mediante sus conocimientos propios y particulares sobre la materia, todo ello con el fi n de favorecer la utilización de un vocabulario adecuado y, si se considera posible y conveniente, común.

El presente libro tiene su origen en el Coloquio Anual de la Fédération Internationale des Instituts d’Études Médiévales organizado en Barcelona en julio de 2017, en la Institución Milá y Fontanals del CSIC. Cuenta con las contribuciones de Marina Bernasconi, Joanna Frońska, Ana Gómez Rabal, Jacqueline Hamesse, Christine Jakobi-Mirwald, Marta Pavón Ramírez, Merce Puig Rodríguez-Escalona, Pere J. Quetglas y Elena E. Rodríguez Díaz.

Aux xiv e et xv e siècles, la Grèce suscite en Italie et en France un engouement nouveau, dans une tension entre admiration et méfiance face à l’altérité mal connue et mal perçue tant de son univers ancien que de son devenir byzantin. Se multiplient les œuvres en latin, en français et en italien qui évoquent le passé de la Grèce ancienne. Les héros et les héroïnes de la Grèce ancienne entrent dans des univers scripturaires nombreux qui manifestent des exploitations littéraires et esthétiques, mais aussi politiques, religieuses et éthiques très diverses. Ces appropriations ne cessent de s’élargir à des formes d’écriture nouvelles jusqu’à la fin du xv e siècle, entre réinterprétation, instrumentalisation, recréation poétique ou fidélité aux textes peu à peu redécouverts. Le présent ouvrage étudie la présence et l’exploitation des figures de la Grèce ancienne en France et en Italie aux xiv e et xv e siècles, et les nouvelles formes d’ « actualité » qu’elles prennent dans les textes, avec l’évolution du regard et de l’interprétation des auteurs, avec aussi les décalages qui existent entre l’Italie et la France.

Devotional compilations were the staple spiritual food for lay and religious readers in the late medieval period. As well thought-out assemblages of texts or extracts of texts, they provided readers with material from basic catechetic instruction to advice and tools for the practice of contemplation. Their exploration enables a more sophisticated understanding of the authorial roles played by compilers, the reading practices of their recipients, and the patronage of compilations carried out by religious and secular individuals and communities. It also offers a new window into late medieval English religiosity as well as demonstrating the complexity and creativity associated with compiling activity.

In this volume, leading scholars in the field of medieval English literature consider the role and impact of a substantial number of devotional compilations, offering new evidence about the manuscripts, sources, and contexts that frame this important corpus.

Ce volume, issu des travaux du XXIVe Congrès de la Société Internationale Arthurienne, réunit les derniers acquis de la recherche sur les romans arthuriens et leur réception au fil du temps. Organisées en fonction des axes thématiques du Congrès, les contributions apportent du nouveau au sujet des manuscrits arthuriens et de leurs impressionnants programmes iconographiques, suivant un mélange fascinant de philologie et histoire de l’art. Les interférences des motifs arthuriens, qui font en grande partie la richesse de ces textes, occupent aussi une place importante de même qu’elles préoccupent les médiévistes depuis quelques années. L’anthropologie culturelle n’est pas négligée non plus : des interventions sur les identités arthuriennes ainsi que sur les enjeux politiques de ces romans tellement de fois récupérés par les royautés européennes en guise de modèles rappellent l’universalité de l’arthurianisme qui fascine des milliers de lecteurs et auditeurs à travers le temps. Ceci explique également la riche réception des textes médiévaux, adaptés aussi bien à la modernité qu’à la période contemporaine. En somme, traitant des périodes variées ainsi que des espaces géopolitiques des plus divers, les articles réunis dans ce volume forment un beau bouquet arthurien mélangeant des réflexions les plus savantes aux contes de fées et aux couleurs d’antan.

La carrière de Simon de Montfort - seigneur français, earl anglais, croisé en Terre sainte et dans le Midi de la France - n’a pas cessé de marquer ses contemporains et sa postérité. Bien de ses compagnons d’armes ont vu en lui le plus pieux et le plus courageux des héros, le modèle du chevalier du Christ (miles Christi). Cette image prestigieuse a cours de son vivant et après son prétendu martyre au service du combat contre la dépravation hérétique. Cependant, dans les contrées occitanophones et dans la péninsule Ibérique, sa réputation devient aussi celle d’un brigand, d’un barbare, d’un intrus étranger, cupide et sans scrupules. Les actes du colloque tenu à Poitiers en 2018 reviennent sur sa vie et sur son lignage afin de comprendre l’homme dans toutes ses contradictions : le croisé incorruptible en Terre sainte, mutilant toute une garnison en Languedoc, le vainqueur du roi d’Aragon, soumettant toutes ses conquêtes au roi de France, le spoliateur des seigneurs légitimes du Midi, protégeant les veuves et le clergé local, le membre d’un puissant lignage franco-normand dont son héritage se perpétue dans toute l’Europe. Simon est à la fois le produit de son temps et l’agent de son devenir, un conquérant et un perdant. Caractère sombre et puissant, il semble être à l’image de son emblème héraldique: un lion à la queue fourchée.

The annual colloquium of the SIEPM in Freiburg, Germany, was groundbreaking in that it featured a more or less equal number of talks on all three medieval cultures that contributed to the formation of Western philosophical thought: the Islamic, Jewish, and Christian traditions. Indeed, the subject of the colloquium, ‘The Origin and Nature of Language and Logic in Medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Thought’, lent itself to such a cross-cultural approach. In all these traditions, partially inspired by ancient Greek philosophy, partially by other sources, language and thought, semantics and logic occupied a central place. As a result, the chapters of the present volume effortlessly traverse philosophical, religious, cultural, and linguistic boundaries and thus in many respects open up new perspectives. It should not be surprising if readers delight in chapters of a philosophical tradition outside of their own as much as they do in those in their area of expertise.

Among the topics discussed are the significance of language for logic; the origin of language: inspiration or convention; imposition or coinage; the existence of an original language; the correctness of language; divine discourse; animal language; the meaningfulness of animal sounds; music as communication; the scope of dialectical disputation; the relation between rhetoric and demonstration; the place of logic and rhetoric in theology; the limits of human knowledge; the meaning of categories; the problem of metaphysical entailment; the need to disentangle the metaphysical implications of language; the quantification of predicates; and the significance of linguistic custom for judging logical propositions.

Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Naqdan, the illustrious Jewish scholar from Rouen, was probably the most prolific writer among the twelfth century Jewish authors in France. While all his creations are truly remarkable, two are the focus of this book: Mishlei Shu'alim, the largest compilation of Aesopic fables ever written in Hebrew, and Dodi ve-Nekhdi, a translation of Adelard of Bath's Questiones Naturales. The ten studies gathered here, written by internationally renowned scholars from Europe, Israel and the United States, explore the richness and uniqueness of these two major books, as well as their sources and their reception. A number of these studies accentuate specific themes and motives, some of which are discussed here for the first time. Other studies relate to the linguistic particularities, examined here in a novel and original manner. We also present innovative studies on the Hebrew version of Questiones Naturales, and use vibrant examples to demonstrate the translations, adaptations and uses of Berechiah's works from the Middle Ages until the modern era. This volume is the result of an international workshop that was held in the Center for Jewish Studies in Palacky University in May 2015.

In the twenty-first century, insurance companies still refer to 'acts of God' for any accident or event not influenced by human beings: hurricanes, floods, hail, tsunamis, wildfires, earthquakes, tornados, lightning strikes, even falling trees. The remote origin of this concept can be traced to the Hebrew Bible. During the Second Temple period of Judaism a new literary form developed called 'apocalyptic' as a mediated revelation of heavenly secrets to a human sage concerning messages that could be cosmological, speculative, historical, teleological, or moral. The best-known development of this type of literature, however, came to fruition in the New Testament and is, of course, the Book of Revelation, attributed to the apostle John, and which figures prominently in the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

This collection of essays, the result of the 2014 ACMRS Conference, treats the topic of catastrophes and their connection to apocalyptic mentalities and rhetoric in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (with particular reference to reception of the Book of Revelation), both in Europe and in the Muslim world. The twelve authors contributing to this volume use terms that are simultaneously helpful and ambiguous for a whole range of phenomena and appraisal.

This volume offers an in-depth exploration of the cultural connections between and across Britain, Ireland, and Iceland during the high and late Middle Ages. Drawing together new research from international scholars working in Celtic Studies, Norse, and English, the contributions gathered together here establish the coherence of the medieval Insular world as an area for literary analysis and engage with a range of contemporary approaches to examine the ways, and the degrees to which, Insular literatures and cultures connect both with each other, and with the wider European mainstream.

The articles in this collection discuss the Insular histories of some of the most widely read literary works and authors of the Middle Ages, including Geoffrey of Monmouth and William Langland. They trace the legends of Troy and of Charlemagne as they travelled across linguistic and geographical borders, give fresh attention to the multilingual manuscript collections of great households and families, and explore the political implications of language choice in a linguistically plural society. In doing so, they shed light on a complex network of literary and cultural connections and establish the Insular world not as a periphery, but as a centre.

The six-volume sub-series Historiography and Identity unites a wide variety of case studies from Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, from the Latin West to the emerging polities in Northern and Eastern Europe, and also incorporates a Eurasian perspective which includes the Islamic World and China. The series aims to develop a critical methodology that harnesses the potential of identity studies to enhance our understanding of the construction and impact of historiography.

This first volume in the Historiography and Identity sub-series examines the many ways in which historiographical works shaped identities in ancient and medieval societies by focusing on the historians of ancient Greece and the late Roman Empire. It presents in-depth studies about how history writing could create a sense of community, thereby shedding light on the links between authorial strategies, processes of identification, and cultural memory. The contributions explore the importance of regional, ethnic, cultural, and imperial identities to the process of history writing, embedding the works in the changing political landscape.

The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) was groundbreaking for having introduced to medieval Europe a series of canons that sought to regulate encounters between Christians and Jews and Muslims. Its canon 68 demanded that Jews and Muslims wear distinguishing dress, in order to prevent Christians from entering into illicit sexual relations with them, restricted the movement of Jews in public spaces during Holy Week, and exhorted secular authorities to punish Jews who in any way “insult” or blaspheme against Christ himself. Other canons sought to exercise greater control over moneylending, to provide relief to Christian borrowers, to extract tithes from Jews who held Christian properties as pledges, and prohibited Jews from exercising power as public officials over Christians. The canons condemned converts who preserved elements from their former religion, promoted a fifth Crusade to the East, exempted Crusaders from taxes and from interest payments to Jewish moneylenders, restricted trade with Muslims or Saracens, and condemned Christians who provided arms or assistance to Saracens. The Council’s canons affected the missionary efforts of the late medieval Church and its attempts to convert Jewish and Muslim minorities, and established essential guidance on minority relations not to be surpassed until Vatican II in the 1960s.

Préoccupation intense de l’époque contemporaine, l’exclusion sociale apparaît comme un sujet plus dramatique encore dans les sociétés anciennes, que l’on se représente plus volontiers fondées sur la communauté et la solidarité. L’existence du sujet exclu pourrait même y paraître impossible, tant les liens à la communauté semblent essentiels. Les sociétés de l’Antiquité tardive et du haut Moyen Âge se caractérisent en effet par l’existence de multiples communautés, plus ou moins fortement intégratives, qui s’enchevêtrent, se superposent, s’opposent.

Si la notion d’individu peut sembler contestable pour ces périodes, la personne ou le sujet s’y expriment sans conteste. L’exclusion, état extrême qui permet de mettre à nu le sujet dans sa tension avec la communauté, est un observatoire privilégié pour saisir comment se (re)construisent le statut et l'intériorité de la personne. Les quatorze contributions rassemblées dans ce volume, issues d'un colloque tenu à l'Université de Padoue, interrogent les traces, les lieux et les conséquences de l’exclusion aussi bien dans les sources textuelles qu'archéologiques, du IVe au XIe siècle. Elles montrent en particulier comment discours et pratiques de la justice ou des institutions chétiennes peuvent marquer le statut ou le corps du sujet, et comment celui-ci réagit face à l’exclusion, quitte à faire de celle-ci un élément revendiqué de son identité.

Lyon, capitale des Burgondes (Ve-VIe siècles), avait été marginalisée au temps des royaumes mérovingiens de l’Entre-Seine-et-Rhin, et ses élites décimées par les pouvoirs francs (VIIe-VIIIIe siècles). La création d’un empire par Pépin le Bref puis Charlemagne a changé la donne. Dans une construction politique qui veut unir la Germanie à l’Italie, la Saxe à la Catalogne, Lyon retrouve une place centrale : porte de l’Espagne chrétienne, voie d’accès privilégiée à l’Italie lombarde dont Charlemagne a fait son premier objectif militaire, la ville devient la tête de pont de la présence franque dans le sud de l’Europe.

Le pouvoir carolingien cependant ne s’impose pas à Lyon seulement par la force, mais en y relevant le gouvernement épiscopal. Des évêques choisis par les empereurs pour leurs compétences intellectuelles sont placés à la tête de la cité. Leidrade et Agobard, Amalaire puis Amolon assurent le rayonnement durable de Lyon par l’excellence des écoles qu’ils fondent et qui attirent des clercs de l’Europe entière, ainsi que par la profusion des manuscrits qu’ils réunissent dans la bibliothèque cathédrale. L’intense activité culturelle lyonnaise du IXe siècle n’est pas corsetée par le soutien politique initial des Carolingiens. Au contraire, les clercs proposent des politiques alternatives au gouvernement des princes francs ; ils appellent à la création d’une Europe unifiée par le respect d’une loi unique et la renaissance d’un empire chrétien universel… Des propositions qui tiennent de l’idéalisme et du fondamentalisme biblique, et qui ne seront jamais suivies d’effet.

Le présent volume réunit des contributions rédigées à l’occasion du douzième centenaire de l’élection épiscopale d’Agobard à Lyon (816-840).

Monasticism became part of European culture from the early period of Christianity and developed into a powerful institution that had a profound effect on the greater Church, on wider society, and on the landscape. Monastic communities were as diverse as the societies in which they lived, following a variety of rules, building monasteries influenced by common ideals and yet diverse in their regionalism, while also contributing to the economic and spiritual well-being inside and outside their precincts.

This interdisciplinary volume presents the diversity of medieval European monasticism with a particular emphasis on its impact on the immediate environs. Geographically it extends from the far west in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, to the east in Romania and the Balkans, through the north of Scandinavia to the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Drawing on archaeological, art and architectural, textual and topographical evidence, the contributors explore how monastic communities were formed, how they created a landscape of monasticism, how they wove their identities with those around them, and how they interacted with all levels of society to leave a lasting imprint on European towns and rural landscapes.

For a long time we have naively talked about the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and other periods, but at closer analysis all those terms prove to be constructed models to help us understand in rough terms profound changes that affected human conditions throughout time. As the contributions to the present volume indicate, paradigm shifts have occurred regularly and constituted some of the critical developments in human existence. The notion of paradigm shift as first developed by Thomas Kuhn is here considerably expanded to address also literary, religious, scientific, and cultural-historical phenomena, to deal with contrasting conceptions of various parts of the world (China versus Europe), conflicts between genders, economic changes pertaining to women's roles, social and political criticism, models of how to explain our existence, ideological positions, and epistemological approaches. The study of paradigm shifts makes it possible to grasp fundamental movements both horizontally (the present world in global terms) and vertically (from the past to the present), exposing thereby central forces leading to shifts in power structures and in the mental-historical world-views. Focusing on paradigm-shifts allows us to gain deep insight into conflicting discourses throughout time and to illuminate the struggle between dominant and competing models explaining or determining reality.

This volume of contributions from international scholars offers a cross-cultural and multi-period analysis of pregnancy and childbirth traditions in Western and Middle Eastern cultures. The studies focus on the ideas, practices, and visual representations surrounding pregnancy and birth-giving from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance and offer the reader the possibility of observing the perception, representation, and theoretic paradigm of these events in a wide range of cultural contexts. The collection fits within multiple traditions of specialized scholarship, yet its scope suggests a geographically global approach and a new, multicultural methodology that encompasses a wide range of practices, historical periods, and topics. On one hand, it participates in the well-established medical, historical, and iconographic discourse on childbirth and family that has enticed much interest over the last two decades; on the other, its unique thematic structure includes cultures and periods previously ignored in similar collections of essays. The articles span from Northern Europe to the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and India, and connect the experience of childbirth to the exchanges of knowledge, religious beliefs, and social practices. With its variety of topics and specializations, the volume encourages a global comparative approach to the cultural narrative surrounding the activities and attitudes connected to conception and birth, paying particular attention to material culture, religion, history, and iconography, as well as to the exchange and dispersion of medical knowledge.

Depuis quelques dizaines d’années, l’avènement de l’individualité de l’auteur médiéval à la fin du Moyen Âge et l’émergence de stratégies auctoriales destinées à construire et à afficher une figure d’auteur dans l’espace du texte et du manuscrit ont (re)fait l’objet d’une attention soutenue de la critique. Étonnamment, alors que ce processus coïncide avec l’essor des traductions savantes d’autorités latines, la critique n’a guère considéré à sa juste valeur les stratégies auctoriales des traducteurs français des XIVe et XVe siècles, jugés comme un « corps » et corpus à la frontière du champ littéraire et de ses enjeux. Pourtant, les études sur les traductions modernes et pré-modernes ont depuis longtemps entrepris un travail historiographique destiné à revaloriser la figure du traducteur comme une figure auctoriale au sens plein et à part entière du champ littéraire. Dans cette démarche de revalorisation, le corpus médiéval a été négligé. Les contributions réunies ici visent à étudier la figure d’auteur des traducteurs français des XIVe et XVe siècles et sa mise en œuvre textuelle et matérielle afin de déterminer les continuités et les ruptures entre leurs stratégies auctoriales et celles des autres auteurs du même champ littéraire.

This volume contains primarily papers of the 11th International Symposium held in Istanbul (May 2014) and of the last Congres of Byzantine Studies in Belgrade (August 2016). There are papers about the seals as historical source and archaeological finding presenting their role in the Byzantine Prosopography, Byzantine Administration, Historical Geography and Byzantine Art History.

This volume collects essays from an international group of scholars who treat various aspects of the Fourth Lateran Council's placement within the development of the ius commune. Topics include the canon law about armsbearing clergy, episcopal elections, heresy, degrees of affinity within marriage, the oversight of relic veneration; two essays highlight the council's reaction to the Fourth Crusade's sack of Constantinople in trying to incorporate the eastern church into the ecclesiastical structure and liturgical norms of the Roman Church; several essays concentrate on the usage of Roman or civil law in some of Lateran IV's constitutions and emphasize issues of private and procedural law. Collectively, and headed by an essay by Anne J. Duggan on the relationship of Pope Alexander III's pontificate to the Lateran IV constitutions, the essays create a fuller picture of Innocent III and his curia's reliance on developments within the jurisprudence of the preceding half century, but they also reveal the ways in which they forged new paths and made significant contributions to guide canon law in the years following the council.

This volume aims at taking the first steps towards a revaluation of urban historiography in Northwest Europe, including rather than excluding texts that do not fit common definitions. It confronts examples from the Low Countries to well-studied cases abroad, in order to develop new approaches to urban historiography in general. In the authors' view, there are no fixed textual formats, social or political categories, or material forms that exclusively define ‘the urban chronicle’. Urban historiography in pre-modern Western Europe came in many guises, from the dry and modest historical notes in a guild register, to the elaborate heraldic images in a luxury manuscript made on commission for a patrician family, to the legally founded political narrative of a professional scribe in an official town chronicle. The contributions in this volume attest to the diversity of the ‘genre’ and look more closely at these texts from a broader, comparative perspective, unrestrained by typologies and genre definitions. It is mainly because of these hybrid guises, that many examples of urban historiography from the Low Countries for instance succeeded in going unnoticed for a considerable amount of time.