BOB2022MIOT

Les études qui composent ce recueil ont été prononcées le 6 octobre 2017 au Monastero degli Olivetani de Lecce, en hommage à Giulia Belgioioso, au moment où la fondatrice du Centro Dipartimentale di studi su Descartes ‘Ettore Lojacono’ quittait à la fois son enseignement et la direction du centre qu’elle avait créé.

Le titre qui les réunit - Cartesius edoctus - suffit à dire l’essentiel pour un savant professeur qui a toujours su laisser la première place à celui qui a fait l’objet principal de ses recherches et de ses leçons : mais si elle a inlassablement enseigné Descartes et le cartésianisme, Giulia Belgioioso a aussi fait du Salente un « nouveau royaume » cartésien en y développant ses propres études, en y organisant des rencontres internationales et en établissant, pour parler comme Fénelon, « toutes les plus utiles maximes de gouvernement » pour les recherches des nombreux jeunes chercheurs qu’elle a formés et des équipes qui ont travaillé à l’oeuvre commun, en particulier à l’édition magistrale de Tutte le lettere et des Opere et Opere postume. La fondation du Centro, en 1998, très vite devenu l’alter ego du Centre d’études cartésiennes de la Sorbonne, a fourni le complément institutionnel des avancées méthodologiques évoquées plus haut.

Ce recueil d’articles est un hommage : loin cependant d’être purement formel, il entend se concentrer strictement sur les axes principaux de l’activité de recherche de Giulia Belgioioso. Ce faisant, il révèle en réalité un monde entier : on s’aperçoit en effet immédiatement, ne fût-ce qu’en feuilletant le volume, que les études qui y figurent envisagent les aspects les plus importants à la fois de la philosophie de Descartes et de l’histoire du cartésianisme, comprenant également des documents inédits. La démarche conduit donc de la deuxième Méditation (Igor Agostini) à Paolo Mattia Doria (Jean-Robert Armogathe) ; de la mathesis universalis (Frédéric de Buzon) à Christine de Suède (Carlo Borghero) ; des questions de méthode et de la visée apologétique (Vincent Carraud) à L’Homme (Dan Garber) ; du mythe du solipsisme (Denis Kambouchner) à saint Augustin et Montaigne (Jean-Luc Marion) ; d’un échantillon sur philosophie et médecine dans le XVIIe siècle français (Fabio Sulpizio) aux débats sur l’eucharistie à Port-Royal (Martine Pécharman) et à la condamnation d’un lockien italien (Marta Fattori). Une série de témoignages de collègues, élèves et amis complète l’ouvrage.

In the early modern period, the humanist practice of translation of sacred as well as secular texts created new readerships in the vernacular for authoritative texts, religious or classical. As the circulation of languages within Europe reshuffled hierarchies between classical languages and vernacular tongues, transmission via translation was not only vertical, but also horizontal, and the contacts between European languages enabled the expansion of local lexicons from sources other than Latin or Greek.

This volume focuses on the role of translation and lexical borrowing in the expansion of specific English lexicons (erudite, technical, or artisanal) as evidenced in printed texts from the early modern period. It considers how language shapes identity in social, religious, philosophical, artistic, and literary contexts, and is in turn shaped by claims of social, religious, philosophical, artistic, and literary identity.

Fondé au début de l’été 1969 et labellisé laboratoire associé du CNRS à partir du 1er janvier 1970, le Centre d’études des religions du Livre (CERL), dont est issu l’actuel Laboratoire d’études sur les monothéismes (LEM, UMR 8584), a été créé au tournant crucial des années 1960 et 1970, quand, sous l’impulsion du CNRS, le modèle du laboratoire, exporté depuis le champ des sciences exactes, se généralise pour favoriser l’essor d’investigations collectives également en sciences humaines et sociales.

Dans le vaste mouvement de restructuration de la recherche en cours dans la France d’après Mai 68, les sciences religieuses devaient prendre la place qu’elles méritaient. Les objectifs du CERL se sont alors définis essentiellement selon deux mots d’ordre : procéder à une étude comparative des trois monothéismes classiques (judaïsme, christianisme et islam) ; allier aussi rigoureusement que possible sciences des religions et histoire de la philosophie.

La mémoire collective du CERL a voulu retenir qu’il avait été conjointement fondé par Paul Vignaux (1904-1987), Georges Vajda (1908-1981) et Henry Corbin (1903-1978) - triade savante qui représentait les trois grandes religions du Livre. Henry Corbin a pourtant été l’unique architecte d’un projet dont Paul Vignaux a assuré la réalisation institutionnelle. Le présent ouvrage revient sur un demi-siècle de recherches françaises consacrées à l’étude non confessante des monothéismes.

The Chinese territory is densely meshed with holy sites (mountains, caves, springs...) where the gods manifest themselves and where pilgrims come to meet them. The present volume, the result of a Franco-Japanese conference held in Paris in 2017, includes fifteen chapters in French and English, exploring the conceptions and practices at these holy sites; they build the analysis around the Daoist notion of “grotto-heavens and blessed lands” (dongtian fudi) and its long historical continuity for two millennia while addressing hybridizations with Buddhist and folk practices, and comparing with Japanese holy sites. These case studies cover both the ascetic practices of religious virtuosos and the popular associations whose members dance for the gods on the mountains.

What has driven acts of translation in the past, and what were the conditions that shaped the results? In this volume, scholars from across the humanities interrogate narratives on the process of translation: by historical translators ranging from ancient Babylonia to early modern Japan and the British Empire, and by academics from the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries who interpreted these translators’ practices.

In Part 1 the volume authors reflect on the history of the approaches to the phenomenon of translation in their specific fields of competence in order to learn what shaped the academic questions asked, what theoretical and practical tools were deployed, which arguments were privileged, and why certain kinds of evidence (but not others) were thought to be the basis for understanding the function and purpose of all translation performed in a given culture. Part II explores how translators and authors from antiquity to modern times described their own motivations and the circumstances in which they chose to translate. In both parts, the contributors disentangle histories of translation from the specialized intellectual fields (such as science, religion, law, or literature) with which they have been bound in order to make the case that we understand translation best when we take into account all cultural practices and translation activities cutting synchronically and diachronically through the entire societal fabric.

If the word « culture » comes from the Latin word cultura, the concept itself, which means general knowledge acquired through schools, books and cultural institutions, is related, in the Roman world of the first centuries ad to Greek paideia. As for paideia, which was then restricted to social elite, it covered literary education formulated and conveyed by sophists and grammarians in the time of the Roman Empire, as well as other forms of Greek culture like music, philosophy and sports.

This book focuses on cultural mediators, first of all professors, who are examined from various points of view: social and cultural status, teaching practices or ambivalent representations. Nevertheless, transmission of knowledge exceeds the environment of school; it is performed through literary and intellectual productions, within specialized disciplines, and through reinterpretations which convey a singular world view.

The present collection of essays displays the circulation of culture between the Greek and Roman worlds, throughout an Empire whose epicentre is paideia.

In the study of the ancient world, Babylon can be considered as the most impressive representation, historically, archaeologically, and in literature, of urbanism in the Near East. This first example of an urban centre and its cultural heritage - both tangible and intangible - provides a focal point for discussions of historical and cultural memory in the region. The eleven contributions gathered here draw together multidisciplinary research into Babylonian culture, exploring the epistemic foundations, contacts, resilience, and cultural transmission of the city and its milieu from ancient times up until the modern day. Through this approach, this volume is able to support conversations concerning the historical and cultural memory of Babylon and promote a dialogue that cuts across, and unites, both cultures and academic disciplines.

Ivan Lukačić (born around 1585, died in 1648), composer, Conventual Franciscan, long-time “maestro di cappella” of the cathedral in Split, is a typical “hero” of local historiography. As early as 1935, the Croatian-American musicologist Dragan Plamenac (real name Karl Siebenschein) prepared a selection from the only known collection of Lukačić’s compositions, the Sacrae cantiones (Venice, 1620). In the same year, Plamenac introduced Croatian Renaissance and Baroque music to the local audience for the first time at a concert held at the Croatian Music Institute. In the aftermath of Plamenac’s emigration to the USA in 1939, it took several decades for new archival, stylistic, interdisciplinary, and international research in Croatian musicology to take place. Despite the availability of earlier material as well as contemporary musical publications of Lukačić’s work (J. Andreis, Zagreb, 1970; E. Stipčević, Padua, 1986), it is not an exaggeration to say that Lukačić still remains unknown internationally. For many years, a number of studies of Lukačić and the music of his contemporaries from the “other, eastern coast of the Adriatic” published almost exclusively in Croatian and thus the international professional public had very limited access to them. This collection of studies dedicated to Lukačić and to the musical and cultural contacts between the two Adriatic coasts is the first volume to be published in both English and Italian. The echoes of the contacts between Italy and Croatia reached the Royal Palace in Portugal, shops selling printed music in Denmark and church archives in Slovenia and Poland. The aim of this book is to follow the traces of that cultural dissemination.

The leitmotif of this volume is the concept of “author images”, which is used in modern literary studies to describe processes of production and reading of literary works and is here applied for the first time to the study of ancient works. As a means of analysing ancient literature, it captures the aspect of personification, which is characteristic of ancient author concepts, and at the same time points to the fact that there is a difference between “image” and “author” and that it is only an image and not the author himself that can be seen and grasped by readers.

This makes the “author image” particularly suitable for examining the intersections of material, rhetorical and mental representations of literary authorship that form the subject of this volume. Using selected examples from Latin and Greek literature, the contributors explore the fields of cultural experience that nourish authorial images. They discuss the manifold possibilities of visualising and representing a person’s quality of being an author in general or being an author of specific works, be it physically through artworks or pictures, metaphorically through evoked authorial figures, through thematised representations of authors in a text, or through the combination of authorial images and texts.

These issues are addressed in four overlapping sections, each focusing on different areas of the metaphor’s application, namely material images in the form of artworks, knowledge about persons, textual images as authorial strategies and images in reception.

Comment les Romains parlaient-ils du mariage ? Cette question a été posée à vingt et un spécialistes de littérature latine archaïque, classique, post-classique et tardive dans le but de comparer la rhétorique discursive des Romains à propos d’une institution qui occupe une place de choix dans la société. Ce volume collectif offre des analyses du motif du mariage tel qu’il est traité dans les textes littéraires et juridiques, au prisme de genres variés (comédie, déclamation, élégie, épigramme, genre épistolaire, épopée, historiographie, poésie épidictique, satire, tragédie, textes patristiques, traités philosophiques), mais au-delà de l’épithalame, c’est-à-dire en dehors ou à la frontière de ces discours de circonstance très étudiés depuis vingt ans, tout en tenant compte de leur apport rhétorique, poétique et idéologique. Si le mariage est avant tout pour les Romains un moyen de perpétuer par cette alliance une lignée et d’accroître le corps civique, sa représentation est plurielle. Elle se montre en constante interaction avec le projet littéraire propre à chaque auteur, le genre qui la véhicule, les modèles suivis ou encore le contexte socio-politique, religieux et juridique de l’époque de production du texte. De ces études variées émerge une vision d’ensemble diachronique sur les permanences et évolutions de la pensée et du discours romains à propos de la notion de couple, des relations entre époux, du rôle de la femme, de la place des enfants, de la part de l’eros conjugal et des sentiments dans le mariage.