Brepols Online Books Medieval Miscellanea Original Archive v2016 - bobar16mimeo
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A Late Medieval Songbook and its Context: New Perspectives on the Chantilly Codex (Bibliothèque du Château de Chantilly, Ms. 564)
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:A Late Medieval Songbook and its Context: New Perspectives on the Chantilly Codex (Bibliothèque du Château de Chantilly, Ms. 564) show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: A Late Medieval Songbook and its Context: New Perspectives on the Chantilly Codex (Bibliothèque du Château de Chantilly, Ms. 564)
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Along the Oral-Written Continuum
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Along the Oral-Written Continuum show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Along the Oral-Written ContinuumEver since its introduction in the 1970s, Ruth Finnegan’s notion of the oral-written, or the oral-literate, continuum has served as one of the most effective means of dispelling the dichotomous understanding of the two principal media of communication in the Middle Ages. However, while often casually invoked, the concept has never been made a focus of study in its own right. The present volume is an attempt to place the oral-written continuum at the heart of discussion as an object of a head-on theoretical investigation, as a backdrop to distinct processes of acquisition of literacy in different European regions, and, indeed, as a tool for navigating the rugged landscape of verbal forms, exploring the complexity of oral-literary interrelationships that they manifest. The articles probe the concept with a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches, span diverse texts and genres, and involve a range of European cultural contexts, with special emphasis on Scandinavia and Northern Europe, but also reaching out to various other corners of the continent: from France, the Netherlands and England in the West, over Germany, Bohemia and Poland in the central region, to Serbia and Bosnia in the Southeast.
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Approches du bilinguisme latin-français au Moyen Âge: linguistique, codicologie, esthétique
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Approches du bilinguisme latin-français au Moyen Âge: linguistique, codicologie, esthétique show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Approches du bilinguisme latin-français au Moyen Âge: linguistique, codicologie, esthétiqueLe Moyen Âge a vu naître les langues romanes. L’émergence progressive de ces nouveaux systèmes linguistiques, puis leur accession à l’écrit et à la littérature, n’a pourtant pas rendu caduc l’usage du latin. Témoignent de cette résistance du latin la diglossie de nombreux locuteurs, auteurs ou copistes médiévaux, ainsi que le bilinguisme courant de leurs énoncés et de leurs productions textuelles. Ces phénomènes ont été éclairés et illustrés par d’abondants travaux dont l’apport est régulièrement signalé par les auteurs de ce volume.
L’originalité du présent recueil tient au fait qu’y sont analysées les modalités de cohabitation du latin et de la langue d’oïl dans les textes du Moyen Âge central et tardif. Cette réflexion collective, adossée à un souci permanent de définition théorique, se montre attentive à l’évolution chronologique, depuis les Psautiers bilingues du xii e siècle jusqu’aux imprimés du xvi e siècle. Elle est sensible aussi à des enjeux variables, depuis l’enseignement élémentaire de la grammaire ou du vocabulaire jusqu’à la mise en œuvre de dispositifs esthétiques complexes. En s’appuyant sur les témoins — pour la plupart manuscrits — qu’a pu susciter la double compétence linguistique médiévale, les auteurs du volume interrogent la conception des textes bilingues, leurs conditions d’élaboration, leur transmission, leur réception. L’insertion souvent discrète de fragments latins au sein de textes français, tout comme la présence plus rare de la langue d’oïl au sein de manuscrits latins, se lit alors comme un mode d’expression aussi raffiné que spontané, susceptible d’enrichir les usages prévus pour le texte enchâssant. Au-delà, l’ensemble de ces études permet d’entrevoir la conscience linguistique des locuteurs du Moyen Âge.
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Autour des quenouilles: la parole des femmes (1450-1600)
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Autour des quenouilles: la parole des femmes (1450-1600) show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Autour des quenouilles: la parole des femmes (1450-1600)Dans l’Europe de la fin du xv e siècle et du xvi e siècle, nombreux sont les textes qui font état d’un savoir spécifiquement détenu par les femmes, transmis entre elles de façon orale et constitué par un corps de croyances et de «recettes». L’émergence d’un tel «genre», au seuil des temps dits modernes, n’a jamais été analysée en tant que telle et l’objet de ce volume est de combler ce manque à travers l’étude d’œuvres produites dans différentes littératures d’Europe, des Flandres et d’Angleterre jusqu’à Valence et la Castille en passant par l’Occitanie.
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Avicenna and his Legacy
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Avicenna and his Legacy show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Avicenna and his LegacyThe centuries immediately following upon the monumental achievements of Avicenna (d. 1036) have been rightly characterized as a golden age of science and philosophy. Generation after generation scrutinized the Avicennan legacy, explicating and expanding upon the wealth of writings left by the master. Critical thinking in logic and astronomy, medicine and metaphysics spurred many new developments. This volume presents seventeen essays on Avicenna, his followers and his critics, many of whom are just now being introduced to western scholarship. The contributors to Avicenna and his Legacy include both established scholars as well as some of the best of the new generation.
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Books in Transition at the Time of Philip the Fair
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Books in Transition at the Time of Philip the Fair show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Books in Transition at the Time of Philip the FairIn 2006, 500 years after his death, the Royal Library of Belgium organised an exhibition (curated by Bernard Bousmanne and Hanno Wijsman) revealing treasures from the era of Philip the Fair (1478-1506), last duke of Burgundy. This volume reunites most of the papers delivered at a conference held during the exhibition, increased with four new chapters. Ten specialists from Belgium, the Netherlands and the United States discuss the book market and its place in society in this transitional period when manuscripts and printed books were produced and used next to one another. The various chapters are illustrated with more than 70 reproductions, most of which formerly unpublished. The contributions are organised around five topics: Philip the Fair and his books, art in books, music in books, politics in books, the book market.
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Charisma and Religious Authority
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Charisma and Religious Authority show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Charisma and Religious AuthorityThis volume of essays concentrates on the effects of preaching in late medieval and early modern Europe, particularly through the concept of charisma, a term introduced into the discussion of religion and politics by Max Weber. Used by Weber, the term indicates the power of a person to move others to action, to animate and mobilize them. The late medieval and early modern periods witnessed the emergence of preachers who became powerful public figures central to the mobilization of populations towards religious reform or crusades. Such preachers were also enmeshed in civic life and the life of courts. Super-preachers like Bernardino of Siena and John of Capestrano shaped opinion on a wide range of issues: the ethics of business, marriage and gender relations, attitudes towards minorities, the poor and social responsibility, as well as the role of kings and other rulers in society. Preaching events were the mass media of the day, and in their wake could follow pogrom, lay revival, crusade, peace movement, or reconciliation within a faction-riven city. The power of these events was great and not merely confined to the Christian community. This volume introduces for the first time a comparative dimension which looks at the theme of charisma and religious authority in the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim preaching traditions.
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Computus and its Cultural Context in the Latin West, AD 300-1200
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Computus and its Cultural Context in the Latin West, AD 300-1200 show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Computus and its Cultural Context in the Latin West, AD 300-1200The scientific knowledge that Irish, English, and continental European scholars nurtured and developed during the years c. AD 500 to c. AD 1200 was assimilated, in the first place, from the wider Roman world of Late Antiquity. Time-reckoning, calendars, and the minute reckonings required to compute the date of Easter, all involved the minutiae of mathematics (incl. the original concept of ‘digital calculation’) and astronomical observation in a truly scientific fashion. In fact, the ‘Dark Ages’ were anything but dark in the fields of mathematics and astronomy.
The first Science of Computus conference in Galway in 2006 highlighted the transmission of Late Antique Mathematical Knowledge in Ireland & Europe, the development of astronomy in Early Medieval Ireland & Europe and the role of the Irish in the development of computistical mathematics. The proceedings of that conference should, therefore, appeal equally to those interested in the history of science in Ireland and Europe, and in the origins of present-day mathematical and astronomical ideas.
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De Bono Communi. The Discourse and Practice of the Common Good in the European City (13th-16th c.)
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:De Bono Communi. The Discourse and Practice of the Common Good in the European City (13th-16th c.) show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: De Bono Communi. The Discourse and Practice of the Common Good in the European City (13th-16th c.)Traditionally confined to the sphere of the State and of auctoritas, the phrase the “Common Good” is set to conquer the cities in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Early Modern period. But can we compare a kingdom like France where the cities defend their “Common Good” by making reference to the interest and benefit of the Kingdom with principalities like Flanders where, despite their fierce desire for autonomy, the cities use the notion with much greater reservation than their Italian counterparts? This volume traces the intellectual and theoretical roots that have led to the emergence of the notion of the “Common Good” in the urban world of Western Europe by analysing the practical forms of its manifestations.
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De l’espace aux territoires
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:De l’espace aux territoires show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: De l’espace aux territoiresAu lieu d’une publication de plus sur l’espace — notion qui est un fourre-tout conceptuel —, une journée d’étude a été réunie à Poitiers les 8-9 juin 2006 sur le thème de la territorialité. Rassemblant, dans un cadre d’étude méditerranéen, des contributions qui abordent aussi bien le monde arabo-musulman que l’Occident méridional chrétien, cette rencontre visait à mieux cerner un phénomène essentiel dans l’histoire des sociétés complexes: les mécanismes de territorialisation, par lesquels les liens socio-politiques, les activités productives, les courants et les productions culturels et (plus classiquement) les constructions gouvernementales et administratives deviennent des systèmes spatiaux imbriqués, emboîtés et inter-connectés, avec une complexité qui constitue un défi à l’analyse historique.
Les auteurs des contributions rassemblées dans ce volume ont intégré l’analyse spatiale des géographes comme fondement de leur réflexion, dans une démarche transdisciplinaire, mais ils l’ont fait avec les moyens (limités par la nature des sources) des historiens. On trouvera ici des études, à différentes échelles, portant aussi bien sur les constructions idéelles de l’espace par les liturgistes ou les géographes médiévaux que sur les processus juridiques et matériels de la territorialisation, à partir de sources très variées requérant chacune une approche spécifique; mais toutes convergent pour une saisie globale de la territorialisation comme fondement des sociétés et des cultures médiévales — avec un espace conçu non pas comme un cadre, voire une simple toile de fond, mais comme un «ingrédient» majeur des processus.
Au moins pour l’Occident latin, la seconde moitié du Moyen Âge est privilégiée, pour des raisons historiques — la croissance démographique implique un poids croissant de l’homme et de ses activités dans l’espace matériel, notamment à l’échelle locale des communautés d’habitants — mais encore plus pour des raisons de sources; en effet, s’il est probable que les «topolignées» féodales sont plus fortement territorialisées que l’aristocratie impériale carolingienne, il reste à vérifier si l’agriculture, la centralité urbaine et l’encadrement des hommes ponctuaient moins fortement l’espace au haut Moyen Âge…
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England and the Continent in the Tenth Century
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:England and the Continent in the Tenth Century show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: England and the Continent in the Tenth CenturyDedicated as a memorial to the great historian of England and the Continent in the eighth century, Wilhelm Levison, this book provides the widest and most in-depth exploration to date of relations between England and the Continent during an equally crucial period, the tenth century. The volume, which comes out of a sustained collaboration between English and Continental universities, contains thematically arranged essays by established leading specialists and also by younger scholars. By building on the approaches used by Levison as well as other methods that have been developed in the decades since his death, these essays tackle a broad range of questions: What routeways and modes of contact linked England with the Continent? How similar were attitudes to rulership and dynastic strategies? How did the law, the working of government, and the organization and culture of the church differ between England and the Continent? How was the past seen and represented on the two sides of the English Channel? In answering these questions, this volume offers news ways of exploring the links and developing the comparison between England and the Continent in the century after the collapse of the Carolingian Empire, a formative period for the development of Europe.
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Homo Legens
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Homo Legens show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Homo LegensHow can we uncover the traces of oral culture in medieval sources when the oral matter we possess survives only in written form? Is it the case that only the written persists while the oral is lost? What was the status of orality in medieval society? The studies in this volume (five chapters in French and two in English) examine the links between the oral and the written traditions in medieval literature. They do this by means of the analysis of literary sources from very diverse backgrounds, both geographically and linguistically speaking: the investigation ranges from medieval Spain, through the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader states, to late medieval and early modern Turkey. This interdisciplinary enquiry by an international group of scholars enables us to define the modes of transmission of medieval texts and how they were memorized as well as to decipher how they were read and appropriated. In addition, the book suggests a methodological basis for research into indices of orality and for analysis of the intertextual links between literary works. This enquiry, undertaken within the framework of the international Homo Legens project, provides an efficacious tool for the study of the practices of reading and writing.
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La Parenté déchirée: les luttes intrafamiliales au Moyen Âge
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:La Parenté déchirée: les luttes intrafamiliales au Moyen Âge show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: La Parenté déchirée: les luttes intrafamiliales au Moyen ÂgeNous, médiévistes, insistons, trop souvent peut-être, sur la cohésion du groupe familial. Nous le percevons ainsi dans la force de sa solidarité, dans la rigidité de ses structures d’encadrement et dans la rigueur de l’obéissance à l’aîné. Son harmonie sortirait même renforcée de sa lutte contre des parentèles rivales. Une telle vision ne manque assurément pas de fondements. Pourtant, les sources révèlent aussi les conflits internes à une famille, qui interviennent, en premier lieu, dans l’axe de la filiation. Les tensions entre, d’une part, le père ou l’oncle paternel et, d’autre part, ses fils ou neveux sont souvent mentionnées par les sources. Elles répondent au conflit intergénérationnel, exacerbé dans l’aristocratie guerrière par l’adoption des valeurs du jeune (juvenis). À classe d’âge égale, les luttes entre frères ou entre cousins reproduisent souvent le même schéma juvénile, car elles opposent les cadets à l’aîné pour la conquête du pouvoir et du patrimoine. En second lieu, l’axe de l’alliance reproduit autant d’affrontements entre «belles-familles». Paradoxalement, l’élément religieux peut introduire le germe de la discorde. En prônant la conversion au détriment d’anciennes pratiques, la vocation religieuse ou le libre choix du conjoint, le christianisme est parfois à l’origine de tensions à l’intérieur de la famille. La charité qu’il préconise est supérieure au lien du sang. Elle valorise l’individu au détriment de structures d’encadrement, parmi lesquelles le cousinage et le lignage sont les premières touchées. Elle bouleverse, enfin, les pratiques de la parenté, l’exercice de la violence et leurs représentations littéraires ou iconographiques.
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Laments for the Lost in Medieval Literature
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Laments for the Lost in Medieval Literature show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Laments for the Lost in Medieval LiteratureThis is a collection of essays on the subject of lament in the medieval period, with a particular emphasis on parental grief. The analysis of texts about pain and grief is an increasingly important area in medieval studies, offering as it does a means of exploring the ways in which cultural meanings arise from loss and processes of mourning. The international scholars who come together to produce this volume discuss subjects as diverse as lament psalms in Old and Middle English, medieval Latin laments, mourning in Anglo-Saxon literature, mourning through objects, medieval art and archaeology, Old French poetic elegy, skaldic poetry, medieval women’s writing, Old Polish drama, English massacre plays, and Middle English nativity lyrics.
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Le recueil au Moyen Âge
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Le recueil au Moyen Âge show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Le recueil au Moyen ÂgeDe la redécouverte de notre ancienne littérature aux années 1990, peu de travaux systématiques ont été consacrés au phénomène de la mise en recueil durant le moyen âge central. Époque des premières collections livresques et surtout de la somme, le XIIIe siècle se caractérise toutefois par l’emprise d’un geste unificateur sur la production manuscrite. Une large part de la transmission écrite, littéraire et savante, est marquée par l’apparition de vastes corpus textuels répondant à un projet de regroupement ou de rassemblement plus ou moins raisonné.
Depuis une dizaine d’années, la communauté scientifique a marqué un regain d’intérêt pour ces questions qui figurent au cœur des préoccupations de la «nouvelle philologie». Axée sur une meilleure prise de conscience de la dimension matérielle des œuvres et des résonances directes de leur transcription, l’étude actuelle du fait littéraire ne manque pas en effet de s’interroger sur les implications et les conséquences de cette pratique, intimement liée aux traditions vernaculaires.
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Le recueil au Moyen Âge
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Le recueil au Moyen Âge show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Le recueil au Moyen ÂgeDans la lignée du volume sur L’écrit et le manuscrit (Texte, Codex & Contexte, 1) la question du recueil poursuit l’étude des interactions entre le codex, la conscience de l’auteur et le lecteur à la fin du Moyen Âge. Pourtant déterminant, l’espace matériel du recueil est souvent négligé par la critique qui se penche sur les éditions de pièces isolées de leur contexte.
Des manuscrits d’auteurs aux recueils d’œuvres diverses, les contributions rassemblées dans ce volume considèrent le geste d’ordonnancement qui préside à la genèse de ces nouvelles manifestations littéraires. Fruit du 3e colloque international du Groupe de recherche sur le moyen français de l’Université catholique de Louvain (10, 11 et 12 mai 2007), l’ouvrage offre une synthèse actuelle et des éclairages modernes sur le recueil à la fin du Moyen Âge par le biais d’études littéraires, linguistiques et codicologiques.
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L’école de Saint-Victor de Paris
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:L’école de Saint-Victor de Paris show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: L’école de Saint-Victor de ParisEn 1108, Guillaume de Champeaux, abandonne la direction de l’école cathédrale de Paris pour mener avec quelques étudiants une vie d’ermite sur les pentes alors désertes de la Montagne Sainte-Geneviève. En quelques dizaines d’années, le groupe de scholares devient une puissante abbaye de chanoines réguliers et l’une des écoles les plus remarquables de l’occident médiéval, par la stabilité d’une longue lignée de maîtres, la diversité des domaines où ils se sont illustrés et l’étendue de leur fécondité jusqu’à la fin du Moyen Âge. Neuf siècles après la fondation de Saint-Victor de Paris, cette fécondité multiforme continue d’étonner. Quel est donc le secret du rayonnement qu’à travers Hugues, Adam, André, Richard, Thomas Gallus et bien d’autres l’abbaye parisienne a exercée dans l’histoire des méthodes pédagogiques, des bibliothèques, des sciences et techniques, de la géographie, de l’historiographie, de l’exégèse biblique, de la systématisation théologique, de la réception du pseudo-Denys, de la spiritualité, de la poésie liturgique, de la pastorale et de la discipline du comportement? Quels sont les causes, les moyens et les relais de cette influence? Comment se décline-t-elle selon les siècles, les milieux touchés et les genres pratiqués? En décernant à Saint-Victor un rôle d’initiateur dans toutes ces régions de la vie intellectuelle ou religieuse, les historiens sont-ils prisonniers d’une erreur de perspective, cèdent-ils à un effet de mode, ou bien y eut-il réellement un «miracle victorin»?
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Masculinities and Femininities in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Masculinities and Femininities in the Middle Ages and Renaissance show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Masculinities and Femininities in the Middle Ages and RenaissanceGender issues have been a persistent topic of investigation in European culture for more than a millennium. Today, perhaps no topic is of more immediate interest to students and scholars than sexual identity. If earlier eras imagined the categories of male and female as fixed, our own age has come to believe that notions of gender are, to a considerable extent, constructed by society and thus necessarily unstable. Using current understandings of sexuality, the contributors to this collection examine afresh such diverse works as Augustine’s Confessions, the Old English Beowulf, the French Richard Coer de Lyon, German mæren, Chrétien’s Yvain, writings by Wyclif and other Lollards, the poetry of Aemelia Lanyer, and an Italian portrait by Leonardo da Vinci. As the authors of this collection demonstrate, these thinkers persistently challenged the status quo, questioning assumptions felt as facts. In turn, they demonstrate how the medieval and Renaissance writers who are the subject of these essays helped prepare the way for understanding masculinity and femininity as masculinities and femininities.
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Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition c.1100-c.1500
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition c.1100-c.1500 show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition c.1100-c.1500Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition offers the first wide-ranging study of the remarkable women who contributed to the efflorescence of female piety and visionary experience in Europe between 1100 and 1500. This volume offers essays by prominent scholars in the field which extend the boundaries of our previous knowledge and understanding of medieval holy women. While some essays provide new perspectives on the familiar names of the unofficial canon of mulieres sanctae, many others bring into the spotlight women less familiar now, but influential in their own time and richly deserving of scholarly attention. The five general essays establish a context for understanding the issues affecting female religious witness in the later Middle Ages. The geographical arrangement of the volume allows the reader to develop an awareness of the particular cultural and religious forces in seven different regions and to recognize how these influenced the writing and reception of the holy women of that area. Seventeen major figures have essays devoted exclusively to each of them; in addition, the survey chapters on each region introduce the reader to many more. The extensive bibliographies which follow each chapter encourage further reading and study.
Alastair Minnis was Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies and Head of the Department of English at the University of York, and is currently Douglas Tracy Smith Professor of English at Yale University. A Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America and of the English Association, he is the author of six monographs and the editor or co-editor of fifteen further volumes.
Rosalynn Voaden (D.Phil., University of York, UK) is the author of God’s Words, Women’s Voices, and is the editor or co-editor of several volumes in the field. She was a Research Fellow at St Anne’s College, Oxford, and is currently Associate Professor of English at Arizona State University.
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Medieval Multilingualism
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Medieval Multilingualism show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Medieval MultilingualismThis volume contains essays on various aspects of multilingualism in medieval France, Italy, England, and the Low Countries. The fifteen contributions discuss the use of the different vernaculars and Latin in both literary and non-literary contexts, showing how cultural and social factors determined the choice of language for a particular purpose or type of text. The role of French in non-French contexts is a major theme of these essays: in the British Isles after the Norman Conquest, in Italy as a response to the need for mainly secular types of literature which did not exist in Italian, and in the Low Countries by virtue of geographic contiguity and change of rulers. Special attention is paid in the French context to the use of French and Occitan in areas of the South. Some essays examine specific cases or text-corpora, while others examine questions of multilingualism from more theoretical, linguistic, and rhetorical points of view. Together, they form an invaluable introduction to the topic of medieval multilingualism, illustrated by meticulously executed case-studies, which future work in the area will have to take into account.
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Mettre en prose aux XIVe-XVIe siècles
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Mettre en prose aux XIVe-XVIe siècles show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Mettre en prose aux XIVe-XVIe sièclesLoin de concerner uniquement romans et poèmes épiques — comme le ferait penser l’étude magistrale de Georges Doutrepont (1939) —, le phénomène «mise en prose» a touché aux xiv e-xvi e siècles tous les genres littéraires: vies de saints, œuvres de dérivation biblique, traités de dévotion, nouvelles, pièces de théâtre, voire la traduction en prose française de poèmes antérieurs en langue étrangère. Revisités depuis une trentaine d’années grâce à de nombreuses éditions critiques et à des études surtout littéraires, ces «nouveaux» textes méritaient une réflexion plus articulée: c’est ce qui a fait l’objet du iii e Colloque de l’aiemf (Association Internationale pour l’Étude du Moyen Français), qui s’est tenu à Gargnano del Garda — Università degli Studi di Milano, du 28 au 31 mai 2008. Les contributions réunies ici analysent donc des œuvres très diverses, de trois points de vue: linguistique, philologique, littéraire.
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Mind Matters
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Mind Matters show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Mind MattersMarcia Colish is one of the most influential scholars of the history of medieval and early modern thought, the author of numerous books and scores of articles in the field, as well as a pioneering President of the Medieval Academy of America. This volume honours her accomplishments with papers by her many colleagues, friends, and former students, who are themselves prominent scholars from across a range of disciplines. The chapters are diverse chronologically and topically, yet they are all stimulated by themes that Prof. Colish has explored during her long and distinguished career. They address the richness of European intellectual history between the twelfth and the sixteenth centuries, treating the multiple heritages of philosophy, theology, political theory, historiography, classical reception, and many other subjects to which her scholarship extends. The volume demonstrates the power of ideas in the development of European history generally, revealing that the careful study of the works of the ‘mind’ does indeed ‘matter’.
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Raban Maur et son temps
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Raban Maur et son temps show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Raban Maur et son tempsLe colloque organisé à Lille et Amiens en 2006, à l’occasion du 1150e anniversaire de la mort de Raban Maur, complète une série de manifestations consacrées à trois personnalités majeures du haut Moyen Âge: de Bède le Vénérable (colloque de Lille et Amiens, 2002) à Alcuin (colloque de Tours, 2004) et à Raban qui devait à ce dernier son surnom de Maur, la filiation intellectuelle est manifeste. Celui que, depuis les temps modernes, on orne du titre de praeceptor Germaniae fut l’un des plus éminents personnages de la société carolingienne, par sa culture et par son rang: ce membre de l’aristocratie de la vallée du Main et du Rhin moyen enseigna à l’abbaye de Fulda, l’un des principaux foyers d’étude et des plus importants établissements monastiques du monde franc, dont il fut ensuite l’abbé (822-842) avant d’être promu archevêque de Mayence (847-856) et, par conséquent, premier prélat du royaume de Louis le Germanique. C’est à la diversité des compétences de Raban, à la fois pasteur, gestionnaire et fin lettré, que sont consacrés les actes de ce colloque interdisciplinaire.
L’analyse des relations entre Raban et les évêques de son temps montre combien ce tenant du parti impérial était attaché à l’héritage de Charlemagne, bien que son horizon s’avère moins large que ne le suggère son appartenance à l’élite «d’Empire». Par ses œuvres, Raban s’imposa comme un poète et un maître. Son intérêt ne se portait pas seulement vers la culture latine, mais aussi vers la culture et la langue vernaculaires; de même, il avait des connaissances en médecine. Plusieurs contributions sont consacrées à son œuvre exégétique, à sa diffusion manuscrite et à la teneur de ses commentaires (certains sont intemporels, d’autres s’avèrent en prise directe avec la vie politique). Les analyses, menées par des historiens et des philologues, illustrent la diversité des approches possibles, complétées par une étude du Psautier glosé de Fulda. La vie de Raban était rythmée par la liturgie, dans une église à l’image du Temple de Salomon, devant servir à l’édification du temple intérieur — ce à quoi contribuait la présence de reliques. L’étude de la consécration des autels et des tituli composés à cet effet montre que Raban avait une conception très protocolaire de la répartition des apôtres, martyrs et bienheureux, qui traduit sa conscience aiguë de la communion des saints. L’abbé de Fulda fut un théoricien de la société carolingienne, comme le prouve l’analyse de son idéologie du don. Il était sensible aux aspects tout pragmatiques de la vie sociale et l’on peut déceler chez lui une humanité dont témoignent ses prises de position en matière de droit.
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Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Reading the Anglo-Saxon ChronicleThe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is among the earliest vernacular chronicles of Western Europe and remains an essential source for scholars of Anglo-Saxon and Norman England. With the publication in 2004 of a new edition of the Peterborough text, all six major manuscript versions of the Chronicle are now available in the Collaborative Edition. Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle therefore presents a timely reassessment of current scholarly thinking on this most complex and most foundational of documents.
This volume of collected essays examines the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle through four main aspects: the production of the text, its language, the literary character of the work, and the Chronicle as historical writing. The individual studies not only exemplify the different scholarly approaches to the Chronicle but they also cover the full chronological range of the text(s), as well as offering new contributions to well-established debates and exploring fresh avenues of research. The interdisciplinary and wide-ranging nature of the scholarship behind the volume allows Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to convey the immense complexity and variety of the Chronicle, a document that survives in multiple versions and was written in multiple places, times, and political contexts.
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Romance and Rhetoric
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Romance and Rhetoric show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Romance and RhetoricThis volume honours the academic career of Professor Dhira B. Mahoney, recently retired from the Department of English at Arizona State University, who is well known for her rhetorical readings of medieval literature. Professor Mahoney’s scholarship employs rhetorical theory in readings of late medieval literature, particularly prologues and epilogues, women’s writings, and Arthuriana. As a response to her work, Romance and Rhetoric offers rhetorical readings of a variety of literary pieces from the late Middle Ages, especially for those authors and genres on which Professor Mahoney has published. Its collected essays provide interdisciplinary studies of art, social and literary history, manuscript transmission, and women’s studies in relation to texts in Middle English, Latin, German, and French. In particular, the essays in this volume focus on the writings of courtly authors such as Chaucer, Lydgate, Malory, Guillaume de Machaut, Christine de Pizan, Chrétien de Troyes, and others. In keeping with the ancient tradition of analysing rhetorical principles in the structure of an art work, they also examine the rhetoric of the manuscript art connected to these authors and the genres in which they wrote. This volume thus fills a gap in medieval literary scholarship, as it evaluates with scrutiny how rhetorical teachings or medieval poetic strategies inform the writing of romances.
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Saints and their Lives on the Periphery
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Saints and their Lives on the Periphery show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Saints and their Lives on the PeripheryThis volume examines the cult of the saints and their associated literature in two peripheral regions of Christendom that were converted to Christianity around the turn of the first millennium, namely, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. The thirteen authors focus on how cultures of sanctity were transmitted across the two regions and on the role that neighbouring Christian countries like England, Germany, and Byzantium played in that process. The authors also ask to what extent the division between Latin Christianity and Eastern Orthodoxy affected the early development of the cult of saints on the two peripheries. The first part of the book offers for the first time a comprehensive overview of the veneration of local and universal saints in Scandinavia and northern Rus’ from c. 1000 to c. 1200, with a particular emphasis on saints who were venerated in both regions. The second part presents examples of how some early hagiographic works produced on the northern and eastern peripheries borrowed, adapted, and transformed — i.e. contextualized — literary traditions from the Latin West and Byzantium.
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Sociability and its Discontents
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Sociability and its Discontents show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Sociability and its DiscontentsThis volume advances our knowledge of continuing trends over the longue durée of European history. It also exposes many differences separating contemporaries from their medieval and early modern ancestors. In putting the concept of social capital to the test, the authors also expose the strengths, weaknesses, and limits of the ‘Putnam thesis’. The essays address fourteenth-century English fears of old-age neglect; childhood, friendship, scandal, and rivalry in Renaissance Florence; rebellion in an Italian village; social capital and signorial power in southern and north-central Italy; guild violence in Calvinist Ghent; civil society in early modern Bologna, Naples, and the Papal State; gender in High Renaissance Rome; and critical analyses of the transition from religious to secular sensibilities that scholars (following Jürgen Habermas) have identified in eighteenth-century Europe. In each case, the topic is considered in relation to recent theories of ‘social capital’: the informal, intangible bonds of trust upon which, social scientist Robert Putnam argues, every human community depends. The result is a series of highly original case-studies which reveal the workings of late medieval and early modern European society from new and often unexpected angles.
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Survival and Discord in Medieval Society
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Survival and Discord in Medieval Society show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Survival and Discord in Medieval SocietyThis book, a tribute to an exceptional scholar known for his broad-ranging interests, brings together the new work of students, friends, and colleagues of Prof. Dyer. The volume reflects his interests in the twin disciplines of history and archaeology and his ground-breaking work in medieval standards of living, social tensions, and town-country relations. The varied and stimulating essays presented in this volume examine a host of critical issues dealing with diet, settlement, employment opportunities, taxation, credit and debt, and the tensions felt in town and country alike which often exploded into full-scale revolt. This new work not only looks at these issues from the standpoint of new evidence and theoretical perspectives, but also imparts a strong sense of the controversy surrounding many of these central issues in medieval history, ranging from how well common people managed to live and reproduce to the nature of their relationships with each other and with their social superiors. The volume, in short, stimulates a vital reconsideration of many of the key concerns pertaining to the study of medieval societies.
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Women at the Burgundian Court: Presence and Influence
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Women at the Burgundian Court: Presence and Influence show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Women at the Burgundian Court: Presence and InfluenceThis collection of essays charts the role of women at the Burgundian court by analysing the ways in which medieval women, such as Isabella of Portugal, Margaret of York, Mary of Burgundy, Margaret of Austria made an impact through their physical, moral and spiritual presence at court. During the absence of the prince these well-educated and internationally experienced spouses, mothers and aunts were put in charge of the courtly household or were in some cases appointed regent of the Netherlandish territories for a limited period of time. The youngest generation of women represented by the sisters and consorts of Charles V and Ferdinand I — now forming part of the extended family network — continued this tradition and took it to Germany, Spain, France and Portugal. The court developed into a kind of ‘gender laboratory’, in which women actively negotiated their position of power, thus consolidating their influence in politics, diplomacy, education and art.
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Writing ‘True Stories’
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Writing ‘True Stories’ show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Writing ‘True Stories’The papers in this volume examine the interaction between history and hagiography in the late antique and medieval Middle East, exploring the various ways in which the two genres were used and combined to analyse, interpret, and re-create the past. The contributors focus on the circulation of motifs between the two forms of writing and the modifications and adaptations of the initial story that such reuse entailed. Beyond this purely literary question, the retold stories are shown to have been at the centre of a number of cultural, political, and religious strategies, as they were appropriated by different groups, not least by the nascent Muslim community. Writing ‘True Stories’ also foregrounds the importance of some Christian hagiographical motifs in Muslim historiography, where they were creatively adapted and subverted to define early Islamic ideals of piety and charisma.
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Étienne Langton, prédicateur, bibliste, théologien
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Étienne Langton, prédicateur, bibliste, théologien show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Étienne Langton, prédicateur, bibliste, théologienÉtienne Langton est probablement un homme-clé dans l’histoire du Moyen Âge. Son implication politique à la tête de l’Église d’Angleterre, en tant qu’archevêque de Canterbury, est bien connue, de même que son rôle dans la promulgation de la Magna Carta, qui s’efforce de trouver une solution aux crises qui secouent le pays. Cependant, tout en proposant des aperçus novateurs sur l’action politique d’Étienne Langton, la plus grande partie des études recueillies dans ce volume examinent les œuvres de celui qui était considéré comme l’un des principaux maîtres de son temps (il a enseigné à Paris durant plus de deux décennies). Il a en effet brillamment illustré les trois volets de l’enseignement des sciences sacrées, tels que les définit Pierre le Chantre, lire, disputer, prêcher. Lire, c’est étudier l’Écriture sainte; Étienne Langton a commenté la quasi-totalité des livres bibliques, en sachant à la fois recueillir toute la tradition qui le précède et ouvrir des voies nouvelles: le point est fait ici sur son herméneutique et sur ses méthodes d’exégèse, avec des études sur des livres bibliques précis, mais aussi sur son commentaire d’un texte majeur de la génération précédente, l’Histoire scolastique de Pierre le Mangeur. Disputer, c’est discuter des thèmes doctrinaux; il s’agit d’un travail théologique, avant même que la théologie ne soit définie comme une science à part entière et Étienne Langton illustre les genres principaux de la «somme» et de la «question», en mettant au service de ses analyses ses compétences particulières en matière de sciences du langage. Enfin, Étienne Langton a laissé un nombre impressionnant de sermons, dont la richesse thématique est grande et qui fournissent également des éléments précieux sur l’état de l’Église. À la charnière du xii e et du xiii e siècle, Étienne Langton pose les bases de ce que sera la culture universitaire du xiii e siècle et apparaît ainsi comme un auteur à la fois important et attachant.
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Challenging the Boundaries of Medieval History
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Challenging the Boundaries of Medieval History show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Challenging the Boundaries of Medieval HistoryHow is the history of medieval Europe written? What national discourses shape the editing of medieval texts and their interpretation in historiography? And how can medieval historians confront these questions by reintegrating their fragmented field through the use of comparison and critiques across national boundaries? In his work, Timothy Reuter regularly posed these challenges to his colleagues, acting as a bridge between the historians of England and Germany, working on an edition of the letters of Wibald of Stavelot (whose own career took him to many of the power centres of medieval Europe), and positioning medieval Europe in the wider discourses of world history. The essays collected here provide a response to this challenge. Dedicated to Prof. Reuter’s memory and in some cases directly continuing his work, all are explicitly comparative in their approach. All of the authors take as their starting point the need to be conscious of the situation from which they themselves are writing and to be sensitive to the training traditions which have shaped their own interpretations. This book shows medieval historians at work, questioning and reflecting on their practice. As well as being of value to specialists in the field, the essays are written in an approachable style and will therefore be of value as a teaching tool to undergraduate and graduate students.
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Froissart à la cour de Béarn: l’écrivain, les arts et le pouvoir
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Froissart à la cour de Béarn: l’écrivain, les arts et le pouvoir show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Froissart à la cour de Béarn: l’écrivain, les arts et le pouvoirLes dix-sept contributions rassemblées dans ce volume se proposent d’aborder l’œuvre de Jean Froissart par le prisme de la rupture que marque la rédaction du Voyage en Béarn. Elles revisitent la cour de Gaston Febus dans ses aspects culturels, sondent le personnage de Gaston III, mesurent la distorsion entre la réalité historique et la représentation littéraire qu’en livre Froissart chroniqueur; elles s’interrogent, enfin, sur la teneur véritable des relations entre les deux hommes — l’écrivain et son mécène.
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John Gower
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:John Gower show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: John GowerThe essays collected here represent the current state of research into the works of John Gower, poet, philosopher, and contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer. They assess Gower’s literary output within the context of manuscript production and readership/ownership in late medieval England and the triangle of Latin, French, and English as literary and official languages in Ricardian England. Sections of the volume focus on manuscripts and the circulation of Gower’s works in languages other than English. In addition, the literary and philosophical contexts that inform Gower’s poetics and politics are considered here, resulting in readings of the poet’s rhetorical and ethical agenda as well as his texts’ intervention in and reaction to social outsiders in his contemporary London. A wide variety of critical discourses inform the readings presented here, including medieval English, French, and Latin literary studies, art history, manuscript production and reception, postmodern ethics, and historical studies.
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La culture du haut moyen âge, une question d’élites ?
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:La culture du haut moyen âge, une question d’élites ? show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: La culture du haut moyen âge, une question d’élites ?Quatrième volet de la série sur «les élites au haut Moyen Âge», l’ouvrage explore l’aspect culturel de la question, autour de quatre thèmes: «sociologie et sociographie des élites», «formes et pratiques d’une culture d’élites», «culture et lien social», «culture des clercs, culture des laïcs: formes et produits». Les élites se définissent-elles et se reconnaissent-elles par l’usage de langages propres et comment peut-on apprécier la différenciation des langues à l’intérieur même des élites? Certains produits culturels sont-ils particulièrement destinés aux élites et quelle est leur place dans le système global d’échange? Comment les commandes (manuscrits, constructions, objets du décor) et les soutiens aux médiateurs culturels (précepteurs, écolâtres, missionnaires) contribuent-ils à légitimer la domination, à renforcer la hiérarchie et à soutenir les réseaux? Y a-t-il une relation entre la hiérarchie des savoirs et la hiérarchie des pouvoirs et la culture est-elle signe de légitimation d’une position dans la hiérarchie? Assure-t-elle des possibilités d’ascension sociale? Dans la hiérarchie laïque, ecclésiastique? Les détenteurs d’un savoir spécifique occupent-ils une position privilégiée? Quel est l’impact des transformations politiques et sociales brutales, comme les conquêtes, sur les modèles culturels élitaires? Y-a-t-il des résistances et des phénomènes de marginalisation de certains modèles culturels? En envisageant la culture sous toutes ces formes comme élément et critère de distinction des élites, par l’analyse de sa place dans les stratégies de reproduction, de hiérarchisation et de mobilité sociale, les auteurs du présent volume se sont efforcés de répondre à la plupart de ces questions dans une enquête européenne qui couvre les VIe-XIe siècles.
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Land, Power, and Society in Medieval Castile
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Land, Power, and Society in Medieval Castile show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Land, Power, and Society in Medieval CastileThis work offers an up-to-date discussion of medieval Castilian lordship and social relations, approached through an analysis of behetría lordship, a power-structure of fundamental importance in medieval Castile. The origins of behetría lordship, a complex phenomenon in both theory and practice, are obscure. Knowledge of the behetrías has therefore hitherto been limited to a narrow circle of traditionalist, highly specialized legal historians. The present volume redresses this imbalance, as its various contributors explore the question of behetría lordship from a broad social perspective, thereby demonstrating the crucial role played by this seigneurial structure within medieval Castilian society. This collection of essays thus focuses less on legal intricacies than on deeper social, territorial, and political issues, which are also examined in relation to other better-known forms of lordship exercised both within Castile and beyond. This volume provides rich historical material on medieval Castile rarely available to an English readership. It represents a gateway to a wealth of relatively little-known literature and information on the social history of medieval Spain and will provide an invaluable tool for comparative research.
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Le monde carolingien: bilan, perspectives, champs de recherches
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Le monde carolingien: bilan, perspectives, champs de recherches show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Le monde carolingien: bilan, perspectives, champs de recherchesL’objet de cet ouvrage collectif est d’envisager la civilisation carolingienne dans tous ses aspects: chaque auteur a eu, sur le sujet de son choix, la pleine liberté, soit de se cantonner à dresser un bilan exhaustif de l’état de la recherche, soit d’allier bilan et perspectives nouvelles en proposant ses propres hypothèses ou pistes de recherches. Les thèmes abordés sont d’une grande diversité: idéologie, conception, pratiques et lieux du pouvoir, liturgie, vie monastique, esprit missionnaire, hiérarchie et mobilité sociale, relations entre le roi et les élites du royaume, laïques et ecclésiastiques. Sans couvrir tout l’espace carolingien, les contributions présentes dans ce livre nous conduisent de Rome vers Aix et Saint-Gall, de l’Italie lombarde vers le cœur du vieux pays franc, de la Saxe vers le pays avar et jusqu’au monde scandinave. Sans couvrir tout le temps carolingien, elles concernent aussi bien les origines de la dynastie, voire l’héritage idéologique, politique ou religieux des deux siècles précédents, que les quatre générations qui suivent le règne de Pépin et les années crépusculaires.
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Les manuscrits carolingiens
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Les manuscrits carolingiens show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Les manuscrits carolingiensÀ l’occasion de l’exposition «Trésors carolingiens» présentée dans ses salles du 20 mars au 24 juin 2007, la Bibliothèque nationale de France a organisé une journée internationale d’étude autour du livre manuscrit à l’époque en question. L’exceptionnelle richesse du fonds parisien (auquel avaient été adjoints d’incontournables spécimens de certaines bibliothèques régionales françaises) donnait lieu, en effet, à évoquer pratiquement tous les principaux aspects de la production et du contenu même de ces œuvres, ainsi que de leur devenir.
Après une introduction visant à situer le livre carolingien au regard de ses antécédents antiques profanes et païens, paléochrétiens et haut-médiévaux (Jean-Pierre Caillet), ce sont les étapes — et les raisons — de l’émergence de l’intérêt pour ces manuscrits et de la constitution de leurs collections qui ont été abordés (Marie-Pierre Laffitte). Il importait d’autre part également de dresser le panorama des grands travaux consacrés à ce domaine de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours (Jean Vezin). Le statut privilégié du livre religieux en tant que composante majeure du trésor, et tout particulièrement l’assimilation de son contenu à de véritables reliques, devaient ensuite être clairement précisés. Naturellement, la nature du message iconographique, tant à l’égard du texte, dont il offre un contrepoint visuel portant ses propres accents, que des modèles — anciens ou récents — dont il s’avère tributaire à divers degrés, a fourni matière pour de substantielles mises au point (Herbert Kessler, Charlotte Denoël, Fabrizio Crivello, Anne-Orange Poilpré). Les rapports, thématiques aussi bien que stylistiques, des ivoires de la reliure avec l’imagerie interne du livre, ainsi que l’éventuelle diachronie de leur association, n’ont pas non plus manqué de susciter un réexamen serré (Lawrence Nees). Par ailleurs, les derniers développements d’une investigation de laboratoire sur les pigments utilisés dans l’élaboration des miniatures de certains manuscrits, et dont les résultats sont évidemment lourds de conséquences quant aux origines de ceux-ci, ont témoigné d’une notable ouverture des perspectives de recherche (Patricia Roger). La conclusion de l’ensemble (Jean-Pierre Caillet) s’attache à souligner l’opportune complémentarité de ces approches; et, au-delà des nouveaux acquis ainsi opérés, à dégager les orientations encore propres à parfaire la connaissance de ce qui correspond bien à un temps fort de l’évolution culturelle et artistique de l’Occident médiéval.
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Lost in Translation?
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Lost in Translation? show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Lost in Translation?[Les communications présentées dans ce volume témoignent, par leur agencement, de la vitalité de l’activité de traducteur au cours de la période médiévale, ainsi que de l’inventivité de la recherche actuelle dans l’étude de la traduction en général. Aucune autre période ne semble autant dépendre de ce procédé littéraire pour la construction de son identité culturelle. Les traductions du latin vers une langue vernaculaire, ou d’une langue vernaculaire vers une autre, ou encore d’une langue vernaculaire vers le latin, constituent quelques-unes des nombreuses formes de la traduction au Moyen Âge. La codification du processus de traduction en tant qu’appropriation, transformation ou accommodation, fait insuffisamment ressortir le rôle essentiel de la curiosité et de l’intérêt qui sont à l’origine de tout acte de traduction. C’est cette curiosité positive que le présent volume cherche à mettre en valeur.
Il aborde tout d’abord une étude de la traduction de textes du haut Moyen Âge. Il considère ensuite le phénomène du bilinguisme et la relation privilégiée que l’Angleterre entretient avec le continent, en particulier avec les traditions littéraires française et italienne. Une troisième partie, consacrée à la traduction des textes religieux au quinzième siècle en Angleterre, et dans une moindre mesure en France, met en évidence la dimension politique de l’activité de traduction à cette période. Considérée principalement comme transfert culturel, la traduction peut en effet être abordée au-delà de sa dimension purement linguistique. Une quatrième partie présente plusieurs exemples de traduction d’un genre littéraire vers un autre, d’un média vers un autre. Les communications proposées dans ce volume illustrent également des manières nouvelles d’aborder l’entreprise essentiellement littéraire de la traduction. Tout en faisant l’éloge de la diversité et de la différence, elles suggèreront une lecture de l’épisode de Babel moins traumatisante que ce qui en est généralement retenu.
,The contributions to this volume are organised in a way that bear out the vitality of translation activity in the medieval period and the resourcefulness of modern scholarship in addressing the phenomenon of translation at large. No other period relies so heavily on this literary process to construct its cultural identity. Translations from Latin into the vernacular, or from one vernacular into another, or even from a vernacular into the Latin language, are just a few of the many forms medieval translation can take. The codification of the translation process as appropriation, transformation, or accommodation does not sufficiently emphasize the overarching curiosity and interest that motivates any translation activity. Rather, preceding the stages of appropriation and re-interpretation, it is positive inquisitiveness and openness towards linguistic and cultural difference that generate the production of a new text and the transference of culture from one sphere to another. It is that positive inquisitiveness which this volume emphasizes.
The volume initially addresses the way in which translators dealt with texts from the early medieval period. It then considers the phenomenon of bilingualism and the privileged relationship that England held with the continent, especially the Italian and French literary traditions. The third part of this volume tackles the problem of fifteenth-century religious translation in England and, to a lesser extent, France, and complicates it by showing its inevitable political implications. Understood more particularly as an act of cultural transfer, translation activity can also be considered beyond the linguistic process. The fourth part of the volume deals with several instances of translations from one genre into another, and from one media into another. The contributions also point to new ways of considering the literary process of translation, and by praising diversity and difference, they suggest a less traumatic way of reading Babel than is usually implied.
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Lérins, une île sainte de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Lérins, une île sainte de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Lérins, une île sainte de l’Antiquité au Moyen ÂgeDans les années 400-410, un groupe d’ascètes menés par Honorat s’installe sur la plus petite des deux îles de Lérins, au large de Cannes, donnant ainsi naissance à l’un des premiers établissements religieux d’Occident. Ce «désert» monastique devint très tôt un pôle d’attraction sans équivalent sur les plans spirituel, intellectuel et social, ainsi qu’un lieu d’essaimage, fournissant personnel, structures d’autorité et système de valeurs à la société de l’Antiquité tardive. Au Moyen Âge, les moines lériniens bâtirent, à partir de leur île, une puissante Église seigneuriale commandant un vaste réseau de prieurés et de dépendances, engagée au service de la papauté et dans la lutte contre les ennemis de la foi, tels que les Sarrasins. L’histoire de Lérins est bien celle d’une Église dominant la société de son temps.
Les écrits composés entre le v e siècle et l’époque moderne - qui nous permettent et nous imposent en même temps d’envisager cette histoire dans la longue durée - attestent la manière dont les religieux ont progressivement assimilé leur établissement à une «île sainte», puis à une «île sacrée», identifiée à l’Ecclesia dans son ensemble. L’élaboration d’une ecclésiologie originale, à laquelle sont consacrés plusieurs chapitres de ce livre, s’est accompagnée de l’aménagement sur l’île d’une singulière topographie, juxtaposant un ensemble claustral, auquel est venu s’adjoindre une tour fortifiée, et une série de lieux de culte secondaires ou chapelles bornant l’espace insulaire: les auteurs du livre s’efforcent aussi de comprendre l’organisation et le sens de cet espace sacralisé très particulier, dont les moines ont œuvré, au fil des temps, à construire et reconstruire la mémoire.
Les différents chapitres de cet ouvrage, fruit d’une collaboration entre antiquisants et médiévistes, historiens et archéologues, sont issus d’un Colloque international organisé par le Centre d’études Préhistoire Antiquité Moyen Âge, de l’Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis et du CNRS, du 21 au 23 juillet 2006, ainsi que de travaux entrepris à nouveaux frais à la suite du Colloque par une équipe de médiévistes.
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Old Worlds, New Worlds
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Old Worlds, New Worlds show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Old Worlds, New WorldsPre-modern European history is replete with moments of encounter. At the end of arduous sea and land journeys, and en route, Europeans met people who challenged their assumptions and certainties about the world. Some sought riches, others allies; some looked for Christian converts and some aimed for conquest. Others experienced the forced cultural encounter of exile. Many travelled only in imagination, forming ideas which have become foundational to modern mentalities: race, ethnicity, nation, and the nature of humanity. The consequences were profound: both productive and destructive. At the beginning of the third millennium CE we occupy a world shaped by those centuries of travel and encounter. This collection examines key themes and moments in European cultural expansion. Unlike many studies it spans both the medieval and early modern periods, challenging the stereotype of the post-Columbus ‘age of discovery’. There is room too for examining cross-cultural relationships within Europe and regions closely linked to it, to show that curiosity, conflict, and transformation could result from such meetings as they did in more far-flung realms. Several essays deal with authors, events and ideas which will be unfamiliar to most readers but which deserve greater attention in the history of encounter and exploration.
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Oligarchy and Patronage in Late Medieval Spanish Urban Society
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Oligarchy and Patronage in Late Medieval Spanish Urban Society show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Oligarchy and Patronage in Late Medieval Spanish Urban SocietyHistorians have considered medieval oligarchic groups as part of a hierarchical social structure in urban societies. Frequently the interpretation of oligarchy as an isolated faction makes it difficult to understand its capacity in processes of incorporation and integration. M. Asenjo-González’s study of different cities in Northern Castile - Segovia, Soria, Valladolid and Toledo — attempts to identify bonding processes and the relationships among individuals or groups. In the city of Cuenca, J. A. Jara-Fuente stresses the importance of mechanisms for the attribution of social spaces of projection (related to individuals, lineages or collectivities), because it is through the analysis of the social expectations and of the degree of satisfaction reached in that process that other patterns of relationship come to light. Y. Guerrero-Navarrete deals with the connections between financial groups and the oligarchic policy of the elite in the case of Burgos. In Granada, A. Galán-Sánchez analyzes the Islamic elites’ behaviour, considering their economic and political interests, related to the goodwill of the Christian conquerors, and, their functions as representatives of the second-class citizens who were the moriscos. F. Sabaté focuses his research on the social consequences of the merchant oligarchy investments in the urban surroundings that contributed to establishing a flow of capital between the city and the region in Catalonia. E. Ramírez-Vaquero analyzes aspects of great relevance such as the relationship that oligarchies had with other systems linked to the noble and court spheres in the cities of Navarra. Finally Marc Boone offers an historiographic reflection on Iberian urban elites and analyzes some comparative perspectives about oligarchy and patronage in the Late Middle Ages.
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Priscien
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Priscien show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: PriscienChassé d’Afrique par les invasions vandales et installé à Constantinople vers le début du VIe siècle, Priscien a engagé une refonte de la grammaire antique en faisant confluer ses principaux courants, la tradition grammaticale romaine et les apports grecs issus de la philologie alexandrine, auxquels il a intégré des recherches menées dans d’autres domaines de l’analyse de la parole, en rhétorique et en philosophie.
La création de la première grammaire moderne est ainsi d’abord une synthèse, qui correspond dans la partie orientale de l’Empire aux espoirs qu’au même moment, à Rome, Boèce et son cercle plaçaient dans l’hellénisme pour renouveler la vie intellectuelle d’une partie occidentale tombée aux mains des Barbares.
Auteur à multiples dimensions, chez qui se croisent les spécificités et les ambiguïtés de l’Antiquité tardive, Priscien a été le passeur par qui l’époque médiévale a eu connaissance des éléments les plus complexes de la description linguistique antique. Son influence a été immense durant tout le Moyen Âge et ses échos sont perceptibles jusque dans la tradition classique.
Malgré cela, aucune traduction dans une langue moderne n’a encore été faite des principaux textes de Priscien, et la période actuelle commence seulement à mesurer l’importance et l’originalité de cet auteur.
Le présent volume est la première mise au point d’ensemble et dresse un état des recherches à l’issue du colloque international Priscien (ENS Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Lyon, 10 - 14 octobre 2006). Ses 40 articles présentent les points de vue transversaux d’antiquisants, de linguistes, d’historiens et de médiévistes. Réparties en six sections, les contributions traitent successivement de la position historique de Priscien et de la transmission de ses œuvres, des sources et du contenu de son texte majeur, les Institutions Grammaticales, de ses scripta minora et de la réception de sa doctrine du Haut Moyen Âge à la Renaissance.
L’ouvrage comporte une bibliographie globale et plusieurs index (auteurs anciens et modernes, manuscrits, passages cités, concepts et termes).
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Recherches sur Dietrich de Freiberg
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Recherches sur Dietrich de Freiberg show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Recherches sur Dietrich de FreibergDietrich de Freiberg a peu à peu trouvé sa place dans l’historiographie philosophique du Moyen Âge. Dans l’histoire de sa découverte et de sa promotion sur les devants de la scène scientifique, un rôle essentiel revient à Kurt Flasch, à qui rend hommage ce volume recueillant les contributions prononcées à l’occasion de son soixante-quinzième anniversaire. Elles tentent un bilan des recherches récentes sur le dominicain allemand et attestent l’appartenance de Dietrich à l’histoire de l’aristotélisme médiéval, nullement invalidée par le statut de maître en théologie à Paris (en 1296/7), ni par le fait que le dominicain n’ait pas laissé de commentaire des œuvres du Stagirite.
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Saint-Victor de Marseille. Études archéologiques et historiques
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Saint-Victor de Marseille. Études archéologiques et historiques show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Saint-Victor de Marseille. Études archéologiques et historiques[À l’origine de l’étude d’un monument qui reste emblématique de Marseille se présenta l’opportunité de programmes de restauration et de fouille. Un premier volume a répondu à la nécessité de rendre publics les résultats. La conjonction récente avec un moment historiographique paradoxalement sensible à l’histoire religieuse, en particulier à celle du monachisme, fut l’occasion de réunir des chercheurs, scrutateurs de sources diverses, afin de réaliser la confrontation si souvent invoquée de l’archéologie et de l’histoire. Ce fut l’objet du colloque réuni en novembre 2004 à Marseille, dans les locaux de l’ancien Alcazar transformé en bibliothèque. On se plaira à rappeler que ce fut la première grande manifestation scientifique qu’abrita le bâtiment qui venait d’être inauguré.
Pour paraphraser une formule restée célèbre dans l’esprit des médiévistes, existerait-t-il un Saint-Victor des archéologues et un Saint-Victor des historiens? C’est au lecteur de se forger sa propre idée. Sans doute l’écart existe-t-il, et, avant même d’aborder la phase interprétative des recherches, permet-il aussi de mesurer les lacunes de chacune des documentations disponibles. Au-delà du constat, les participants ont eu quand même conscience d’œuvrer pour une même histoire.
,At the origin of the study of a monument which remains very emblematic of Marseille, there was a programme of restoration and excavations. The outcome of the work was made public in a first volume. The recent conjunction with a trend in historiography surprisingly aware of religious history, in particular the history of monachism, enabled us to bring together scholars dealing with various sources in order to achieve the often called on conjunction between archaeology and history. That was the point of the conference held in November 2004 in Marseille. The venue was the old Alcazar music hall theatre transformed into the municipal library. It is gratifying to think that this was the first scientific seminar to be held in the new library, which had just been opened.
Paraphrasing a famous expression among medievalists: are there two Saint-Victor, one for archaeologists one for historians. It is up to the reader to make up his own mind. There is undoubtedly a discrepancy which even before adressing the interpretative conclusions of the research underlines the shortcomings of the respective documentation avalaible. Given this realization, the scholars present intimately felt they were writing the same history.
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Sapientia et eloquentia
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Sapientia et eloquentia show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Sapientia et eloquentiaThis book thrusts the reader into the intellectual turmoil of medieval Europe. In interrelated studies of largely unexplored material dating from the ninth through to the fourteenth centuries, the contributors explore changes in functions and forms of liturgical poetry and music, and of biblical interpretation.
Although the twelfth century constitutes the main focus, the phenomena dealt with here had roots in earlier times and remained in circulation in later centuries. The cultural heritage of the Carolingian intellectuals tied to the palace school of Charles the Bald is examined in a liturgical context. Forms and ideas from this period were reused and transformed in the twelfth century, as represented here by sequences, tropes, Abelard’s poetry, the Gloss to Lamentations, and ritual representations or ‘liturgical drama’. The two final chapters treat fourteenth-century uses and understandings of Boethius’s De institutione musica and the new genre of sequence commentaries, both dealing with later medieval views on music theory and liturgical poetry from an earlier period, thus connecting the end of the book to its beginning. The sections are interspersed with philosophical reflections on overriding themes of the contributions. The volume concludes with an anthology of poetic texts in Latin with English translations and musical transcriptions.
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Studies in Carthusian Monasticism in the Late Middle Ages
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Studies in Carthusian Monasticism in the Late Middle Ages show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Studies in Carthusian Monasticism in the Late Middle AgesThis volume focuses on aspects of Carthusian history and culture of the later Middle Ages, a period of growth and vitality within the order. There is a primary but not exclusive focus on the English Province, which to date has received at best unbalanced attention. While the fundamental ambitions and ideals of Carthusianism formulated, articulated, and lived by the disciples of St Bruno between the late eleventh and the thirteenth centuries changed very little, the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries witnessed developments stimulated by and often commensurate with the progress of external culture. In such areas as devotional practice, literature, art and architecture, patronage, and monastic-lay relations generally, the houses of the order grew increasingly sophisticated: in some cultural spheres Carthusians were in the vanguard. The late Middle Ages thus offer rich opportunities for assessment of how a religious organization defined and justified by essentially reactionary conventions responded to constant forinsec evolution.
The volume’s approach is multi-disciplinary, involving both senior and younger Carthusian scholars in investigation of the main facets of Carthusian life for which significant data survives. This permits a thorough analysis of the order’s character, one that reflects concern with synoptic understanding of medieval Carthusianism rather than partial assessment through a specifically devotional, literary, or more narrowly historical approach. Subject areas covered include the historical growth of individual Charterhouses, patronage of Carthusians by secular agents, Carthusian architecture and manuscript decoration, devotional practice, and textual culture.
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The Word in Medieval Logic, Theology and Psychology
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:The Word in Medieval Logic, Theology and Psychology show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: The Word in Medieval Logic, Theology and PsychologyThe holding of the 2005 annual colloquium of the SIEPM in Kyoto, Japan, presented the opportunity to explore the very foundations of communication: the word in all its aspects. Whether mental concepts, as Aristotle had claimed, were the same for all people, whether from the East or the West; how these mental concepts were transformed into words; how words affected the concepts (e.g. in regard to the colour spectrum); how angels communicated with one another, and whether any words were appropriate for talking about God; whether words for things arise merely from convention, or have an essential relationship to what they describe; what exactly do the words for individuals, species and genera describe; why words can have powerful effects; what is the relationship between the inner word and the spoken word. The essays in this volume explore these questions largely from the texts of medieval Western philosophers and theologians from Boethius to Meister Eckhart, but some Hebrew and Arabic texts are also taken into consideration. The contexts range from the lively debates in the Parisian schools of the early twelfth century, through the subtle arguments of thirteenth and fourteenth century scholars, to mystical writings of the fifteenth century. Running as a thread through the essays are the translations and commentaries of Boethius on the Vetus logica of Aristotle, and the divine word of the Bible. The combination of contributions of Japanese scholars with both younger and more established scholars from the Western tradition ensures a rich and varied approach to this subject.
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The development of leasehold in northwestern Europe, c. 1200 – 1600
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:The development of leasehold in northwestern Europe, c. 1200 – 1600 show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: The development of leasehold in northwestern Europe, c. 1200 – 1600In the twelfth to sixteenth centuries, the exploitation of landownership underwent drastic changes in various parts of Northwestern Europe. In these changes, the emergence of the lease plays a pivotal role. At the end of the Middle Ages, in a number of areas within the North Sea area, the greater part of available land was held at lease for relatively short terms. The competitive and contractual nature of such leasing has caused many to associate it with the emergence of capitalism in the countryside, seeing its rise as a key element in the transformation of the rural economy and society in the last millennium. In view of this, it is surprising that the emergence of leasing has received little systematic attention, particularly where its roots, its early development, its exact arrangements and the social and economic context of its emergence are concerned, let alone the regional and chronological differences in these elements. This volume aims to make a first step in exploring these issues.
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Une conquête des savoirs
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Une conquête des savoirs show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Une conquête des savoirsLes nouveautés culturelles qui se répandent en Europe latine aux xii e et xiii e siècles sont les expressions les plus hautes d’une longue période de croissance. Bien que déjà largement documentée, cette expansion pluriséculaire mérite d’être reprise et précisée.
Un cercle vertueux s’est enclenché aux alentours de l’an mil dans l’Europe latine, sans qu’il y ait simultanéité de dates et de rythmes sur tout le territoire. Pour être multiples, les composantes de cet essor se réduisent à un même thème: ce sont autant de triomphes de l’homme européen sur son environnement et sur lui-même: amélioration de l’outillage et des techniques agricoles, poussée démographique, défrichements, nouveaux sites de peuplement, renouveau urbain, renforcement de l’artisanat, essor de l’économie monétaire, développement et diffusion de l’écrit, promotion des langues vernaculaires.
Véhicule déterminant du nouveau savoir, les traductions surviennent dans un monde latin à l’essor multiforme. Elles l’accompagnent et le transfigurent. Elles en décuplent les possibilités. Elles expriment un engouement dévorant pour l’étude, dont en retour elles accroissent l’intensité et rehaussent le niveau. Les clercs sont aspirés par cette spirale, dont le terme marque la fin du Moyen Âge. Les acquis des siècles précédents servent aux hommes du xv e à renouer directement avec l’hellénisme et avec le classicisme latin, tout en franchissant les océans d’une terre maintenant centrée sur le soleil.
La polysémie du mot «monde» rend compte de la totalité des nouveautés qui, apparues au cours du xii e siècle de Europe latine, transforment en quelques cent ans le continent: le xii e siècle latin s’est transfiguré en véritable Nouveau Monde.
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774, ipotesi su una transizione
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:774, ipotesi su una transizione show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: 774, ipotesi su una transizioneIn questo volume sono editi gli atti del I seminario organizzatonel 2006 dal Centro interuniversitario per la storia e l’archeologia dell’alto medioevo (SAAME). Al centro del seminario è stato un tema di grande importanza per storia italiana: la conquista franca del regno longobardo e le sue conseguenze in tutti i campi, dai mutamenti politici - indagati soprattutto dal punto di vista della loro rappresentazione - ai mutamenti nell’insediamento rurale e urbano (dalle campagne toscane a capitali come Roma e Ravenna), a quelli nelle attività artistiche (la costruzione di edifici di prestigio) e culturali (epigrafia, documenti, codici, produzione normativa), nella circolazione monetaria (le zecche, i mancosi) e nei flussi commerciali (con in primo piano l’Adriatico). Inoltre si è tentato di inserire la ‘transizione’ italiana, ossia il passaggio della penisola sotto la dominazione carolingia, nell’ambito di un quadro europeo, prendendo in considerazione, con alcuni affondi tematici, la Turingia, la Baviera, l’Austrasia e infine la Spagna, dove è avvenuta un’altra fondamentale transizione, quella tra Visigoti e Musulmani.
Il titolo del libro, che fa riferimento ad una data precisa fornita dalla storia politica, l’anno 774, può apparire paradossale per presentare i risultati di un seminario nel corso del quale sono state interrogate allo stesso modo fonti scritte e fonti archeologiche, e va inteso in senso soprattutto simbolico, come un’ovvia allusione ad un altro anno cardine, il 751, anch’esso oggetto di indagini recenti. Ma al tempo stesso tale riferimento è utile per ribadire l’assoluta necessità di coordinare insieme, ai fini della ricostruzione del passato, i tempi e i risultati della storia politica (in questo caso il passaggio dai Longobardi ai Carolingi), dell’archeologia, della numismatica, della storia della documentazione scritta, della storia dell’arte e di tutte le altre storie.
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Abbon, un abbé de l’an Mil
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Abbon, un abbé de l’an Mil show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Abbon, un abbé de l’an MilBien que l’œuvre littéraire et scientifique d’Abbon de Fleury (v. 950-1004) ait été aussi importante que celle de son célèbre contemporain Gerbert (devenu le pape Sylvestre II), l’abbé du monastère fleurisien restait cependant mal connu. Le colloque organisé en 2004 pour célébrer le millénaire de sa mort a voulu donner un souffle nouveau aux études abboniennes. Les contributions, qui s’articulent autour de deux thèmes principaux, vie monastique, religion et culture, abordent la plupart des domaines dans lesquels s’est exercée la compétence d’Abbon: astronomie, comput, musique, droit canon, hagiographie, histoire… Sont également traitées des questions touchant à l’ecclésiologie et à la réforme monastique ou concernant le monastère lui-même et son temporel ou un autre monastère orléanais, Saint-Mesmin de Micy. De ces «éclairages entrecroisés» ressort un portrait renouvelé de ce grand abbé, à la fois homme de science et chercheur d’unité, unité de l’Église, unité de son monastère et de l’ordre bénédictin.
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Broken Lines
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Broken Lines show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Broken LinesThe essays in this important and fascinating collection explore the genealogical literature of late-medieval Britain and France in relation to issues of identity, the transmission of power, and cultural, socio-political, and economic developments. By analyzing the mechanics of cultural and political inheritance and the processes of shaping a sense of identity and descent, the essays in this volume direct the reader towards a complex understanding of genealogical literature and its relationships with other genres, one which will further debate and research in these areas. The present collection presents an interdisciplinary approach to the genealogical literature of the late-medieval period, and brings together specialists in the fields of history, cultural history and literature to raise questions of gender, genre, and theoretical approaches. Broken Lines is also the first book-length study of genealogical literature to date, an exciting intervention into this emerging field of interest.
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Classica et Beneventana
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Classica et Beneventana show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Classica et BeneventanaThe Festschrift volume Classica et Beneventana, presented to Virginia Brown on the occasion of her 65th birthday, brings together eighteen insightful new essays by leading scholars devoted to the fields of classical reception and Latin palaeography. The authors investigate a wide-range of topics such as the development and application of the Beneventan script, comparative codicology, use of early liturgical manuscripts, medieval artes and biblical texts and their readers, and the reception and dissemination of classical texts during the Italian Renaissance.
Since 1970, Virginia Brown has been a Senior Research Fellow at the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. She is recognized as one of the world’s leading authorities in classical reception and Latin palaeography. Her numerous publications on the Beneventan script have dramatically altered our knowledge of the dissemination of this southern Italian book hand from 800 to 1600. Her editorial work for the Catalogus translationum et commentariorum, as a member of the Editorial Board and since 1986 as Editor-in-Chief, has resulted in several learned volumes tracing the fortuna and study of classical authors from antiquity to the year 1600. As editor of Mediaeval Studies from 1975 to 1988, she single-handedly produced tomes noted for their scholarly rigor and acumen. This collection of essays serves as fitting tribute to a scholar who, via her scholarly research and editorial work, has done so much to advance the fields of palaeography, codicology, and the history of classical scholarship.
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Constructing the Medieval Sermon
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Constructing the Medieval Sermon show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Constructing the Medieval SermonIn considering the construction of medieval sermons, the term ‘construction’ has many meanings. Those studied here range from questions about sermon composition with the help of artes praedicandi or model collections to a more abstract investigation of the mental construction of the concepts of sermon and preacher. Sermons from a range of European countries, written both in Latin and vernaculars, are subjected to a broad variety of analyses. The approach demonstrates the vitality of this sub-discipline. Most of the essays are more occupied with literary and philological problems than with the religious content of the sermons. While many focus on vernacular sermons, the Latin cultural and literary background is always considered and shows how vernacular preaching was in part based on a more learned Latin culture. The collection testifies both to the increasing esteem of the study of vernacular sermons, and to a revival in the study of all those things contained in a preacher’s ‘workshop’, ranging from rhetorical invention, medieval library holdings and study-aids, through to factors that are crucial for the successful delivery of the sermon, such as the choice of language, mnemonic devices and addressing the audience. The interdisciplinary approach remains ever-present, not only in the diversity of the academic disciplines represented, but also within individual essays. The volume is based on a conference held in Stockholm, 7-9 October 2004.
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Franks, Northmen, and Slavs
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Franks, Northmen, and Slavs show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Franks, Northmen, and SlavsIn recent decades, historians attempting to understand the transition from the world of late antiquity with its unitary imperial system to the medieval Europe of separate kingdoms have become increasingly concerned with the role of early medieval gentes, or peoples, in the end of the former and the constitution of the latter.
Eleven specialists examine here the role of ethnic identity in the formation of medieval polities on the periphery of the Frankish world in the eighth through eleventh centuries. In particular, they explore the intertwined issues of ethnic identity and state formation in Scandinavia and in the western and southern Slavic regions, areas in which the new approaches to the history of ethnicity have but little penetrated traditional scholarship. They ask to what extent common identities assisted in the consolidation and creation of early medieval kingdoms and to what extent the formation of these kingdoms created a discourse of common identity as a means to centralization and control. The authors contend that the developments in Scandinavia and in Slavic areas cannot be understood except in dynamic relationship with the process of state formation and group identity within the Frankish kingdoms. This powerful, expansionist society not only interacted and influenced the development of state structures on its northern and eastern borders, but it also provided models of discourse about the relationship between centralizing power and group solidarity. Not that these discourses were simply adopted by the Franks’ neighbours, but rather they became part of the range of possible options selectively adapted to local circumstances.
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Hiérarchie et stratification sociale dans l’Occident médiéval (400-1100)
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Hiérarchie et stratification sociale dans l’Occident médiéval (400-1100) show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Hiérarchie et stratification sociale dans l’Occident médiéval (400-1100)Si la notion d’«ordre(s)» est familière aux historiens du Moyen Âge, il est loin d’en être de même pour celle de «hiérarchie». Au reste, le terme n’a pas bonne presse chez les chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales, qui s’en méfient pour ses relents d’Ancien Régime et préfèrent souvent parler de «stratifications sociales», comme si choisir, distinguer, hiérarchiser les valeurs n’étaient pas dans les mondes du passé comme dans celui d’aujourd’hui à la base même de l’action sociale.
D’origine grecque — hieros (sacré) et archos (fondement, commencement, commandement) — le terme «hiérarchie» est d’un emploi longtemps rare dans la latinité. Les concordances automatisées du latin permettent de savoir avec précision que le succès lexical de hierarchia n’est pas antérieur au tournant des années 800 et qu’il dépend directement de la traduction depuis le grec des écrits du Pseudo-Denys l’Aréopagite, spécialement la Hiérarchie céleste et la Hiérarchie ecclésiastique. Concomitance intéressante, l’adoption généralisée du terme hiérarchie dans l’Occident médiéval, entre le ix e et le xi e siècle, est contemporaine d’une conception de la société rapportée à l’harmonie du cosmos qui fait du monde des hommes un reflet de l’ordonnancement voulu par Dieu — un ordonnancement propre à confondre ecclésial et social ou, dit autrement, à faire d’Église et société deux termes coextensifs. Dans cette logique, puisqu’il ne saurait y avoir de critère laïque d’appartenance aux groupes sociaux, le concept de hiérarchie permet au médiéviste de rendre compte de l’ensemble des processus d’organisation d’une société stratifiée parce qu’aspirée vers le divin. Il permet autant de décrire un jeu de places que de saisir la dynamique de processus à l’œuvre dans la grande fabrique du social.
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Invention
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Invention show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: InventionElucidating the steps that led to a finished work of art has been one of Molly Faries’ principal concerns in nearly forty years of research and teaching. A pioneer in infrared reflectography, she has demonstrated like no other scholar the importance of technical studies to art history, in the way that they provide insight into an artist’s technique and development, into collaboration within a workshop, and into master-pupil relationships. Molly Faries has taught generations of students and colleagues to view paintings not as static objects but as the results of successive choices.
The volume’s title, Invention: Northern Renaissance Studies in Honor of Molly Faries, evokes Molly’s passion for understanding an artist’s creative process. The term “invention” is here understood in the widest possible sense: How did a work of art come into being? How did an artist react to new stimuli or adapt to a new culture? Was innovation valued above adherence to a local tradition? To what degree could artists shape their patrons’ taste? How did artists transform their own inventions over time and adopt those of others? Was there a concept of invention specific to the Northern Renaissance and how did it differ from ours?
The authors who tackle these and other questions include university professors, curators, conservators, and conservation scientists, all recognized specialists in northern European art of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The artists they discuss are among the greatest painters, manuscript illuminators, printmakers, and sculptors: Johan Maelwael, the Limbourg brothers, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Hans Memling, Lieven van Lathem, Juan de Flandes, Jean Hey, Albrecht Dürer, Hieronymus Bosch, Master H.L., Jacques Du Broeucq, and Jan Brueghel the Elder.
This book, one of the few devoted specifically to the concept of invention in Northern Renaissance art, is richly illustrated with 32 color plates and 179 black-and-white reproductions; it includes an index.
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Les laïcs dans les villes de la France du Nord au XIIe siècle
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Les laïcs dans les villes de la France du Nord au XIIe siècle show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Les laïcs dans les villes de la France du Nord au XIIe siècleLes villes de France du Nord au xii e siècle connaissent de spectaculaires transformations reflétant un dynamisme démographique et économique sans précédent. Leur paysage est bouleversé par les chantiers de constructions tandis que se développent à leurs portes des faubourgs étendus. Ouvertes sur les campagnes qui les approvisionnent en produits et en main d’œuvre, elles voient s’affirmer une société laïque variée et ambitieuse. Ayant obtenu des seigneurs communes et franchises, l’élite des citadins manifeste de réelles compétences juridiques et économiques supposant une éducation élaborée.
Le présent volume tente d’évoquer leurs cadres de vie, quelques aspects de leur mentalité et pose la question de leur formation.
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Mises en scène et mémoires de la consécration de l’église dans l’Occident médiéval
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Mises en scène et mémoires de la consécration de l’église dans l’Occident médiéval show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Mises en scène et mémoires de la consécration de l’église dans l’Occident médiévalLe déroulement de la consécration ou dédicace d’une église est codifié dans l’Église latine aux vii e et viii e siècles pour devenir, au Moyen Âge central, un rituel fastueux. La consécration apparaît alors comme l’acte fondateur d’un nouvel espace-temps polarisé par le bâtiment ecclésial. Les paroles prononcées et les gestes effectués lors du rituel contribuent à manifester cette nouvelle naissance et les transformations qu’elle implique. Les mesures prises pour en conserver le souvenir inscrivent l’événement dans la mémoire de la communauté liée au lieu consacré.
Œuvre commune d’un groupe d’historiens, d’historiens de l’art et d’archéologues médiévistes, le présent ouvrage propose une réflexion sur les implications sociales de la consécration de l’église au Moyen Âge central. Il s’agit tout d’abord de comprendre la dynamique du rituel et ses effets sociaux, en étudiant les déplacements des protagonistes, les gestes des célébrants, tant furtifs (bénédictions, signes de croix, onctions) que durables (marquages au sol ou sur les murs), les paroles prononcées, la musique, les chants et les odeurs qui plongent le rituel dans une atmosphère multi-sensorielle. Il s’agit ensuite d’examiner les conditions de production d’un commentaire normatif et exégétique sur la consécration, tant en amont qu’en aval de la célébration, et de comprendre les liens qui unissent ces différents modes de discours sur le rituel. Il s’agit enfin de comprendre les formes et les effets sociaux des narrations de l’événement-consécration, tant par le verbe (de la notice à la chronique) que par l’inscription monumentale et l’image peinte ou sculptée. Ces trois axes de la réflexion sont envisagés de manière croisée et complémentaire.
Les auteurs ayant contribué à cet ouvrage sont implantés dans des structures universitaires ou de recherche en France, Suisse, Belgique, Canada et États-Unis.
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Negotiating Heritage
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Negotiating Heritage show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Negotiating HeritageA key impulse of cultural transmission is engaging with the past for the benefit of the present. In seventeen essays on subjects that range from Paschasius Radbertus to Orhan Pamuk, the Regularis Concordia to Kurt Weill, and from Augustine to Adorno, Negotiating Heritage examines specific historical case-studies that reveal the appropriation, modification, or repudiation of a legacy. The overall focus of this interdisciplinary volume is memory: medieval conceptions of memory, resonances of the Middle Ages in later periods, and memory as a heuristic methodological device. Through tokens or other vestiges of the past - the physical memorial of a tomb, the ritualized retention of past acts or structures, the reverberations of a doctrinal, literary, musical, or iconographic topos, or the symbolic reminiscences of a past ideal - memory acts as the manifestation of something absent. This anthology studies such tokens in a way that provides a fruitful new perspective for the field of research into memory, and explores the methodological dimension of issues of heritage, genealogy, and tradition. Furthermore, Negotiating Heritage also probes the reception and construction of the Middle Ages in later periods; exploring the shifting territory of the meaning of the medieval itself. In its movement between medievalism and the medieval period, Negotiating Heritage is an important contribution to both established and emerging trends in critical thought.
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Parisian Confraternity Drama of the Fourteenth Century
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Parisian Confraternity Drama of the Fourteenth Century show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Parisian Confraternity Drama of the Fourteenth CenturyParisian Confraternity Drama of the Fourteenth Century is the first volume of studies devoted solely to the Miracles de Nostre Dame par personnages. These anonymous plays, found in a single luxury manuscript, comprise the only major corpus of dramatic works in French that have survived from the fourteenth century. They derive from a rich diversity of sources: narrative miracle accounts, saints’ lives, epic chansons de geste, vernacular romances, and history. Each play is preceded by a richly detailed miniature, some two dozen include a sermon in prose, and each includes at least one rondel to be sung by the cortege accompanying the Virgin. They constitute both a collective demonstration of the fervent late-medieval devotion to the Virgin, and a substantial archive of contemporary insights into the issues of power, authority, and influence that struggled for dominance in fourteenth-century Paris. As this extraordinary collection has, in its entirety, attracted little critical attention to date, this volume will be of significant interest to scholars wishing to explore the plays in their literary context, as well as those interested in medieval drama, the Marian tradition, and the role of confraternities in fourteenth-century French culture.
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Practices of Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Practices of Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Practices of Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern EuropeThis collection argues that gender must be considered as both an approach to history, and as a reflection of the deep workings of the lived, historical past. The sixteen original essays explore social and cultural expressions of gender in Europe from the fourteenth to the eighteenth centuries. They examine theories and practices of gender in domestic, religious, and political contexts, including the Reformation, the convent, the workplace, witchcraft, the household, literacy, the arts, intellectual spheres, and cultures of violence and memory. The volume exposes the myriad ways in which gender was actually experienced, together with the strategies used by individual men and women to negotiate resilient patriarchal structures. Overall, the collection opens up new synergies for thinking about gender as a category of historical analysis and as a set of experiences central to late medieval and early modern Europe.
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Prédication et liturgie au Moyen Âge
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Prédication et liturgie au Moyen Âge show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Prédication et liturgie au Moyen ÂgeLa transmission des traces écrites de la prédication médiévale prend habituellement la forme de recueils de sermons ordonnés selon les fêtes du calendrier liturgique. Pour autant, la relation d’intimité entre prédication et liturgie qu’on serait tenté d’en déduire n’est ni nécessaire, ni évidente. La discrétion des liturgistes médiévaux sur les pratiques de prédication l’atteste, et de même, celle des auteurs d’artes predicandi sur la liturgie.
Comment la prédication et la liturgie, ces deux manières complémentaires, mais clairement distinctes, de construire un discours public sur la foi, et de pratiquer la religion, au sein de la société, sous la forme d’actions auxquelles on prête une efficacité symbolique, se sont-elles rejointes, voire mutuellement renforcées au cours de l’histoire de la christianisation? Telle est la question qui sous-tend la quinzaine d’études réunies dans ce volume. Le millénaire médiéval s’y trouve à dessein enchâssé entre la période d’épanouissement de la prédication des Pères, qui est aussi le temps de l’élaboration d’assises durables pour la liturgie, et le moment crucial des remises en question de tous ordres qui, à partir du xvi e siècle, permettent d’observer le temps passé comme dans un miroir. La parole y est surtout donnée aux prédicateurs, en réalité très diserts sur les textes lus et chantés, les gestes, les vêtements, les rites et les usages de la liturgie – en particulier, sur les rituels de consécration ou de dédicace des églises, et sur les processions de la Fête-Dieu. Si les prédicateurs, de la sorte, donnent sens au culte, la liturgie est aussi pour eux un instrument pédagogique mis au service de la mémorisation de leur message, un langage qu’ils s’approprient en recourant à la citation poétique, ou à la transposition métaphorique des mots du rituel, voire une autorité qui leur sert d’argument de persuasion ou, plus rarement, dont ils éprouvent la validité rationnelle. De plus, dès le xiii e siècle, dans les villes, les frères mendiants n’hésitent pas à détacher leurs prises de parole des temps et des lieux ordinaires de la célébration liturgique au profit de la conquête et de la sacralisation d’un temps et d’un espace du quotidien, alors que le théâtre et les livres de lecture s’emparent des techniques du sermon et des ressources de la liturgie, en des formes renouvelées de la pratique pastorale.
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Quant l’ung amy pour l’autre veille
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Quant l’ung amy pour l’autre veille show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Quant l’ung amy pour l’autre veilleEn hommage à Claude Thiry et dans le but de faire progresser les connaissances dans un domaine dont il est un éminent spécialiste, ce volume réunit une quarantaine d’études toutes centrées sur le moyen français.
En écho à la richesse des travaux du dédicataire, ces contributions se déploient selon six axes: les richesses de la langue, les formes de la prose, la diversité de la production poétique, l’historiographie princière, les œuvres de théâtre, les questions liées à l’édition de textes.
Tant par la variété des sujets traités que par la diversité des approches, ce livre constitue une contribution importante à ce vaste champ de recherche qu’est devenu le français des XIVe-XVIe siècles.
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Reading Gothic Architecture
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Reading Gothic Architecture show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Reading Gothic ArchitectureThe Gothic style is now one of the supreme products of Medieval and Renaissance visual culture. Subject to multiple readings and (re)interpretations from ca. 1500 to the present, Gothic stands as one of two dominant languages of European historical architecture. This volume explores methods of reading and interpreting the Gothic from the twelfth through the sixteenth century. Following the editor’s introduction, it contains ten essays written by leading scholars from Canada, the United States, and Great Britain. In challenging the traditional parameters of Gothic, the papers explore ‘Medieval’ and ‘Renaissance’ manifestations of the Gothic, and they consider material ranging geographically from Ireland to Poland, and from Paris to Sicily. Each paper explores ways in which Gothic was or could be read by the contemporary viewers for which it was designed, and by post-modern commentators. In placing the act of reading at the centre of their investigations, the papers offer significant new insights into the forms and meanings of the Gothic.
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Strategies of Writing
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Strategies of Writing show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Strategies of WritingTrust is the basis of all social relations. It presupposes the concordance of word and deed. Trust is not created spontaneously, but requires a process of observation and socialization, and thus is culturally determined and subject to change. Writing may engender trust, and trust may be placed in written texts.
The contributions to this volume address the complex relationships between ‘trust’ and ‘writing’ in the Middle Ages. They deal with charters, historiography, letters, political communication, and the possibilities of trust in writing. Some of the questions addressed are: Does writing as a medium engender trust irrespective of the contents of the written text? Was trust in writing dependent on trust in an authority? Was the written form of the text meant to confer trust on its contents? Did rituals take place that were meant to enhance the text’s trustworthiness? Can changes be observed in the strategies of engendering trust? Was trust considered food for reflection in written texts? What was considered to constitute a breach of trust? The volume is dedicated to Michael Clanchy, whose work inspired much of its contents.
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The Year 1300 and the Creation of a new European Architecture
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:The Year 1300 and the Creation of a new European Architecture show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: The Year 1300 and the Creation of a new European ArchitectureThe theme of the book is the origin of Late Gothic architecture in Europe around the year 1300. It was then that Gothic ecclesiastical architecture graduated from a largely French into a wholly European phenomenon with new centres of art production (Cologne, Florence, York, Prague, Kraków) and newly-empowered institutions: kings, the higher nobility, towns and friars. Profound changes in spiritual and devotional life had a lasting effect on the relationship between architecture and liturgy. In short, architecture around 1300 became at once more cosmopolitan and more heterogeneous.
The book addresses these radical changes on their own terms-as an international phenomenon. By bringing together specialists in art, architecture and liturgy from many parts of Europe and from the USA it aims to employ their separate expertise, and to integrate each into a broader European perspective.
Dr Zoë Opačić is lecturer in the history and theory of architecture at Birkbeck College, University of London. She specialises in the field of late medieval architecture and art, particularly in Central Europe.
Dr Alexandra Gajewski is a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, London. She works on Burgundian Gothic architecture and on Cistercian art in medieval France and the Empire.
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Une lumière venue d’ailleurs. Héritages et ouvertures dans les encyclopédies d’Orient et d’Occident au Moyen Age
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Une lumière venue d’ailleurs. Héritages et ouvertures dans les encyclopédies d’Orient et d’Occident au Moyen Age show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Une lumière venue d’ailleurs. Héritages et ouvertures dans les encyclopédies d’Orient et d’Occident au Moyen AgeL’encyclopédisme médiéval a fait l’objet de divers colloques ces dernières années, apportant des éclairages complémentaires. Un biais peu exploré encore est celui des relations entre œuvres encyclopédiques orientales et occidentales.
Le colloque de Louvain-la-Neuve «Une lumière venue d’ailleurs» s’est donné pour objectif général de mettre en parallèle les deux traditions, sur base d’études philologiques et historiques. Les onze articles publiés abordent les traditions arabe (C. Baffioni, G. de Callataÿ), persane (Ž. Vesel), juive (M. Zonta), la réception d’auteurs arabes par le Moyen Age latin (A. Galonnier, M.-C. Duchenne et M. Paulmier), la diffusion des textes latins (J. Loncke, B. Van den Abeele) et les avatars tardifs de l’encyclopédisme en Occident (C. Boucher, B. Roling, I. Ventura). Par le croisement de ces éclairages, le volume souhaite faire mieux comprendre les influences que l’Occident chrétien, l’Islam et le monde hébraïque exercèrent réciproquement à cette époque-charnière de leur histoire.
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Villes de Flandre et d’Italie (XIIIe-XVIe siècle). Les enseignements d’une comparaison
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Villes de Flandre et d’Italie (XIIIe-XVIe siècle). Les enseignements d’une comparaison show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Villes de Flandre et d’Italie (XIIIe-XVIe siècle). Les enseignements d’une comparaisonUne comparaison entre les villes de Flandre et d’Italie semble aller de soi tant apparaissent nombreuses, dans les études qui leur sont consacrées, les similitudes et les disparités esquissées. Entre les deux grands espaces urbanisés de l’Europe occidentale, pour qui s’intéresse à l’histoire des villes, le rapprochement paraît s’imposer. Pourtant, bien souvent, la juxtaposition prévaut et la comparaison se limite au seul domaine des convergences de l’histoire économique.
Cinq thèmes ont donc été retenus ici dans un souci de renouvellement et de réorientation des questionnements: la démographie, le fait religieux, les inscriptions et les symboliques du pouvoir, la «fabrique» de la mémoire et la représentation de l’espace. Dans cet ouvrage, est organisée une mise en parallèle qui permet d’identifier les spécificités qui façonnèrent en Italie et au nord de l’Europe les identités urbaines. Sur fond de relations marchandes et d’animation économique, les profils des communautés se précisent alors et la rare gageure d’une véritable histoire comparative est ainsi proposée au lecteur.
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What Nature Does Not Teach
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:What Nature Does Not Teach show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: What Nature Does Not TeachThis interdisciplinary study takes as its subject the multi-faceted genre of didactic literature (the literature of instruction) which constituted the cornerstone of literary enterprise and social control in medieval and early-modern Europe. Following an introduction that raises questions of didactic meaning, intent, audience, and social effect, nineteen chapters deal with the construction of the individual didactic voice and persona in the premodern period, didactic literature for children, women as the creators, objects, and consumers of didactic literature, the influence of advice literature on adult literacy, piety, and heresy, and the revision of classical didactic forms and motifs in the early-modern period. Attention is paid throughout to the continuities of didactic literature across the medieval and early-modern periods — its intertextuality, reliance on tradition, and self-renewal — and to questions of gender, authority, control, and the socially constructed nature of advice. Contributors particularly explore the intersection of advice literature with real lives, considering the social impact of both individual texts and the didactic genre as a whole. The volume deals with a wide variety of texts from the early Middle Ages to the eighteenth century, written in languages from Latin through the European vernaculars to Byzantine Greek and Russian, offering a comprehensive overview of this pervasive and influential genre.
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Agire da donna
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Agire da donna show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Agire da donnaL’evidenza scritta e materiale sulle donne dell’alto medioevo presenta una importante caratteristica di fondo: la descrizione delle azioni femminili non è normalmente il prodotto della percezione delle donne, né appare organizzata e prodotta per fornire una rappresentazione diretta dell’operato, delle capacità e delle caratteristiche femminili in termini reali. Piuttosto, sia sotto il profilo materiale, sia sotto il profilo scritto, le donne sono utilizzate - dal loro gruppo parentale, dagli avversari oppure dai sostenitori dei loro congiunti - come paradigmi simbolicamente efficaci per far apprezzare le possibilità economiche e di prestigio dei gruppi famigliari, i meriti e gli errori dei loro uomini, il clima politico di un regno. Si rafforza quindi, nella società altomedievale, il tema retorico dell’ “influenza femminile” per spiegare, in modo diretto e persuasivo, la consonanza o la dissonanza con il clima politico complessivo. Come tali, dunque, i modelli di rappresentazione femminile, di volta in volta utilizzati, non sono semplici ripetizioni. Essi variano nel corso del tempo, precisamente in rapporto con la trasformazione dei valori condivisi dalle società altomedievali, e con le reali possibilità femminili che sono progressivamente accettate oppure disapprovate, misconosciute oppure valorizzate. Le immagini della regina buona che converte il proprio marito al cristianesimo e della regina perfida che lo tradisce, così come i ricchi corredi funerari e le iscrizioni femminili rappresentano lo specchio attraverso cui la società altomedievale valutava sé stessa, le proprie tensioni e le proprie certezze.
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Aspects of Power and Authority in the Middle Ages
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Aspects of Power and Authority in the Middle Ages show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Aspects of Power and Authority in the Middle AgesConcepts of power and authority and the relationship between them were fundamental to many aspects of medieval society. The essays in this collection present a series of case studies that range widely both chronologically and geographically, from Lombard Italy to early modern Iberia and from Anglo-Saxon, Norman and later medieval England to twelfth-century France and the lands beyond the Elbe in the conversion period. While some papers deal with traditional royal, princely and ecclesiastical authority, they do so in new ways. Others examine groups and aspects less obviously connected to power and authority, such as the networks of influence centring on royal women or powerful ecclesiastics, the power relationships revealed in Anglo-Saxon and Old-Norse literature or the influence that might be exercised by needy crusaders, by Jews with the ability to advance loans or by parish priests on the basis of their local connections. An important section discusses the power of the written word, whether papal bulls, collections of miracle stories or the documents produced in lawsuits. The papers in this volume demonstrate the variety and multiplicity of both power and authority and the many ways by which individuals exercised influence and exerted a claim to be heard and respected.
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At the Table
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:At the Table show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: At the TableThis volume surveys recent studies of the metaphorical and material facets of food in medieval and early modern Europe. Ranging from literary, historical, and political analyses to archaeological and botanical ones, this collection explores food as a nexus of pre-modern European culture. Food and feasting are understood not simply as the consumption of material goods but also as the figurative and symbolic representations of culture. To understand the myriad ways in which discourses about food and feasting are mobilized during this period is to better understand the fundamental role food and feasting played in the development of Europeans’ habitual patterns of behavior and of thought.
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Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Constructing Nations, Reconstructing MythThis collection of essays examines the ‘Grimmian Revolution’, the paradigm shift in the humanities that came with the publication of Jacob Grimm’s Deutsche Grammatik. In doing so, it honours T. A. Shippey, who has been a leading figure in reconsidering the contributions of the Old Philology and its impact on the humanities, particularly the rediscovery of the ancient languages and literatures of Northern Europe; the role this has played in the creation of national and regional identities; the attempts to extend the methods of comparative philology to comparative mythology; and the collection of folktales, folk-ballads, and the development of folkloristics. The sixteen essays in this collection focus on the impact made by nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century philology in the fields of medieval studies and language studies, and in the construction of Northern European national identities, mythologies, and folklore.
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Creations
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Creations show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: CreationsThe meanings of the noun ‘creation’, and the verb ‘to create’, range from the traditional theological idea of God creating ex nihilo to a more recent sense of the process of artistic conception. This collection of thirteen essays, written by scholars of music, literature, the visual arts, and theology, explores the complicated relationship between medieval rituals and theology, and the development of an idea of human artistic creation, which came to the fore in the sixteenth century.
The volume concentrates on the period from the Carolingians to the Counter-Reformation but also includes some twentieth-century musicians. Each essay is dedicated to a particular topic concerned with ritual or artistic beginnings, inventions, harmony and disharmony, as well as representations or celebrations of creation. Central themes include the interplay of the ideas of God as creator, of God acting and recreating in medieval liturgy, of God as artist—the deus artifex of the Pythagorean cosmology, which was occasionally referred to as recently as the early nineteenth century—and, finally, of the homo creator, a concept in which man reflected (and eventually replaced) God in his artistic creativity.
This book therefore features new, significant, individual contributions from a range of scholarly disciplines, but, taken as a whole, it also constitutes a complex interdisciplinary study, with large-scale historical constructions.
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Cultural Exchange between the Low Countries and Italy (1400-1600)
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Cultural Exchange between the Low Countries and Italy (1400-1600) show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Cultural Exchange between the Low Countries and Italy (1400-1600)
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Early Medieval Palimpsests
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Early Medieval Palimpsests show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Early Medieval PalimpsestsPalimpsests are texts from which the primary text has been effaced to make room for fresh writing. The practice was particularly important in the early Middle Ages, when numerous, often precious, books were subjected to this treatment. As a result, many ancient texts lay hidden in European libraries for centuries.
Ever since the first palimpsests were discovered in the seventeenth century, scholars have been fascinated by the possibility of discovering hitherto unknown texts. For a long time, the lower script of palimpsests could only be brought back to the light of day through the use of chemical reagents that proved very detrimental to the manuscripts. The great advance away from these destructive techniques came at the beginning of the twentieth century with the application of ultra-violet photography. Today, striking advances in this field are again being made with the development of digital imaging.
The contributions in this volume focus mainly on the cultural evidence offered by palimpsests from the early Middle Ages. Some contributors have examined particular manuscripts in great detail (the London palimpsest of Jerome’s Chronicle or the Munich palimpsest codex from Benediktbeuern); others have looked at specific types of texts that have suffered deletion in this way (liturgical palimpsests, Carolingian letters). The volume also contains a handlist of all known palimpsested manuscripts in Beneventan script.
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Entre la ville, la noblesse et l’Etat: Philippe de Clèves (1456-1528), homme politique et bibliophile
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Entre la ville, la noblesse et l’Etat: Philippe de Clèves (1456-1528), homme politique et bibliophile show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Entre la ville, la noblesse et l’Etat: Philippe de Clèves (1456-1528), homme politique et bibliophilePhilippe de Clèves (1456-1528) est un homme remarquable à plus d’un titre. Fils d’Adolphe, seigneur de Ravenstein, et de Béatrice de Coïmbre, Philippe jouit, à l’instar de bon nombre d’aristocrates à l’automne du Moyen Âge, d’un luxueux train de vie. Partisan de Maximilien d’Autriche dans sa lutte contre les cités du comté de Flandre jusqu’en 1488, il choisit alors de défendre le particularisme urbain contre l’autorité bourguignonne. Vaincu en 1492, il se tourne vers la cour du roi de France Charles VIII. Il parcourt l’Europe, gouverne Gênes pour finalement revenir aux Pays-Bas et demeurera fidèle à Charles Quint jusqu’à sa mort.
Les différentes contributions de ce volume entendent apporter une réponse à la question-clé des intérêts de Philippe durant cette période troublée: dans quelle mesure privilégie-t-il la relation avec le prince et avec les autres aristocrates ou entend-il plutôt assurer ses intérêts dans la ville? À partir d’une documentation largement inédite, l’attention est ainsi portée sur le rôle culturel, politique, social et militaire qu’a joué Philippe de Clèves dans les conflits entre la Ville et l’État. En outre, Philippe lui-même a rédigé L’instruction de toutes manieres de guerroyer. S’il est auteur, il est aussi collectionneur: plusieurs articles mettent également l’accent sur l’analyse du contenu de sa bibliothèque et sur la comparaison avec les librairies d’autres nobles et de certains fonctionnaires d’État.
Ce volume constitue la publication des Actes d’un colloque interdisciplinaire organisé à la Bibliothèque royale de Belgique dans le cadre du «Pôle d’Attraction Interuniversitaire» (La société urbaine dans les anciens Pays-Bas, bas Moyen Âge-XVIe siècle, projet V, n° 10), programme de recherche financé par la Politique scientifique fédérale belge.
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Essays in Manuscript Geography
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Essays in Manuscript Geography show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Essays in Manuscript GeographyThe medieval English West Midlands has long been associated with the production of vernacular texts, in Old and Middle English, and with the making of several famous manuscripts. The aim of this volume is to re-think assumptions about medieval literature and the region in the light of new research in medieval book history. A series of specially commissioned essays in ‘manuscript geography’ examines the making and use of texts and books in relation to cultural networks in the region and beyond. Included are case studies of manuscripts of Worcester and the Worcester diocese from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries; investigations of manuscript production in fourteenth-century Shropshire and its wider regional links; and essays on textual cultures in Warwickshire from the activities of the aristocrats and gentry of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries to the projects of later antiquarians. Essays in the final section of the volume reflect on the possibilities of large-scale, corpus-based research on medieval manuscript books. Collectively the essays identify and explore some of the investments of traditional regionalist accounts of vernacular literary culture and model new theoretical and methodological approaches.
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Form and content of instruction in Anglo-Saxon England in the light of contemporary manuscript evidence
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Form and content of instruction in Anglo-Saxon England in the light of contemporary manuscript evidence show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Form and content of instruction in Anglo-Saxon England in the light of contemporary manuscript evidenceThe essays collected in this volume focus on a prominent aspect of Anglo-Saxon culture: educational texts and the Insular manuscripts which have preserved them.
The English imported manuscripts and texts from the Continent, whilst a series of foreign masters, from Theodore of Tarsus to Abbo of Fleury, brought with them knowledge of works which were being studied in Continental schools. Although monastic education played a leading role for the entire Anglo-Saxon period, it was in the second half of the tenth and early eleventh centuries that it reached its zenith, with its renewed importance and the presence of energetic masters such as Æthelwold and Ælfric. The indebtedness to Continental programs of study is evident at each step, beginning with the Disticha Catonis. Nevertheless, a number of texts initially designed for a Latin-speaking milieu appear to have been abandoned (for instance in the field of grammar) in favour of new teaching tools.
Beside texts which were part of the standard curriculum, Anglo-Saxon manuscripts provide abundant evidence of other learning and teaching instruments, in particular those for a specialized class of laymen, the Old English læce, the healer or physician. Medicine occupies a relevant place in the book production of late Anglo-Saxon England and, in this field too, knowledge from very far afield was preserved and reshaped.
All these essays, many by leading scholars in the various fields, explore these issues by analysing the actual manuscripts, their layout and contents. They show how miscellaneous collections of treatises in medieval codices had an internal logic, and highlight how crucial manuscripts are to the study of medieval culture.
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Frères et soeurs : les liens adelphiques dans l’Occident antique et médiéval
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Frères et soeurs : les liens adelphiques dans l’Occident antique et médiéval show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Frères et soeurs : les liens adelphiques dans l’Occident antique et médiévalComment définir les liens adelphiques? À quelles réalités biologiques, sociales, politiques, renvoient-ils dans l’Occident antique et médiéval?
Les textes rassemblés dans ce volume tentent d’éclairer les liens entre frères et soeurs en se fondant sur des approches linguistiques, historiques, juridiques et littéraires.
Ils abordent des aspects aussi divers et complexes que le rôle du frère aîné, le choix du nom, le lignage, les pratiques successorales, les liens du sang, la défense de l’honneur familial et la solidarité, les affinités, mais aussi les antagonismes, le fratricide et la vengeance.
L’exploration de cette problématique est inévitablement pluridisciplinaire car toute réflexion sur les liens adelphiques doit interroger aussi bien l’histoire, le droit, que les textes littéraires.
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La Sainte-Chapelle de Paris. Royaume de France ou Jérusalem céleste?
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:La Sainte-Chapelle de Paris. Royaume de France ou Jérusalem céleste? show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: La Sainte-Chapelle de Paris. Royaume de France ou Jérusalem céleste?La Sainte-Chapelle est un chef-d’œuvre hors du commun, l’un des monuments du XIIIe siècle les plus appréciés du grand public. Emblème du gothique à son apogée, elle est aussi une œuvre majeure dont on connaît exceptionnellement bien le contexte historique et politique de sa création et la personnalité de ses commanditaires, le roi Louis IX et sa mère, Blanche de Castille. Négligée par les historiens de l’art dès les années 60 du siècle dernier, elle connaît heureusement un regain d’intérêt depuis quelques années.
Ce volume rassemble les communications d’un colloque international réuni pour faire la synthèse des acquis les plus récents concernant cet exceptionnel monument. Les contributeurs y traitent de divers aspects de la Sainte-Chapelle: restaurations, architecture, décor sculpté, vitraux, fonction, signification et mise en scène des reliques, liturgie et héraldique, personnalité et préoccupations artistiques, politiques et religieuses du commanditaire royal, à la veille de son départ pour la croisade. Il en résulte une image fascinante et très complète de ce chef-d’œuvre unique qu’est la chapelle palatine de saint Louis.
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La place de la musique dans la culture médiévale
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:La place de la musique dans la culture médiévale show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: La place de la musique dans la culture médiévaleAu Moyen Âge, la musique est l’un des sept arts libéraux et, à ce titre, elle joue un rôle prépondérant dans la vie intellectuelle et sociale. Avec un héritage théorique et mythologique gréco-romain qu’elle saura reprendre à son compte, la période médiévale est, pour cet art, tout sauf une période obscure. La musique est le chant de l’âme et du corps, le chant de la terre et du ciel quotidiennement pratiqué et éprouvé. Elle est l’un des grands principes de l’organisation du monde et l’un des plus puissants moyens d’accès à la compréhension de sa création et à la contemplation de sa beauté. La musique s’incarne aussi dans la réalité sociale et politique dont elle scande l’ordre comme le désordre.
L’ouvrage conjugue la diversité et la richesse des approches de cette journée d’études en mêlant des regards croisés sur le sujet: la musique et la philosophie, la liturgie ou la mythologie; la musique et la rhétorique, les enseignements médiévaux, les arts de la mémoire; la musique et son expression sociale…
Le volume défend autant qu’il explique la place singulière exercée par l’art de la musique durant ces siècles médiévaux, riche creuset dans lequel s’est écrite une page fondamentale et originale de l’histoire culturelle occidentale.
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Learning and Understanding in the Old Norse World
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Learning and Understanding in the Old Norse World show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Learning and Understanding in the Old Norse WorldThis volume presents twenty essays by leading scholars of Old Norse which bring into focus the nature of learned traditions — both oral and written — in medieval Scandinavia and the interpretation and re-interpretation of them over time. Theoretical frameworks for understanding Old Norse literature is the initial topic of the collection, which then moves on to present recent work on Old Norse myth and society; current perspectives on oral traditions in performance and text; and reflections on medieval ideas about language, both vernacular and Latin. The collection is rounded off by a section on prolonged traditions — the transformation of local and imported traditions into new literary forms. Individual essays in the volume offer significant primary research as well as reconsiderations of key issues in scholarship, their subjects ranging widely, both conceptually and chronologically, around the twin themes of learning and understanding. Like the research of the volume’s honorand, Margaret Clunies Ross, Learning and Understanding in the Old Norse World exemplifies the diversity and vigour of current research in the field of Old Norse and draws together philological, literary, historical and anthropological perspectives on the subject.
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Les élites et leurs espaces
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Les élites et leurs espaces show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Les élites et leurs espacesVenant à la suite du volume sur «les élites au haut Moyen Âge: crises et renouvellements», cet ouvrage analyse le rapport des élites à la distance et à l’espace. Laissant de côté les concepts de noblesse ou d’aristocratie, on adopte ici celui d’élite, emprunté à la sociologie, pour faire porter l’étude sur tous ceux qui, d’une manière ou d’une autre, exercent un pouvoir social lié à l’excellence, que ce soit celle de la naissance et du sang, ou celle de la capacité, dans telle ou telle activité, à se distinguer et à en tirer prestige, richesse ou honneur. Historiens des textes et archéologues croisent les approches et examinent la relation qu’entretiennent les élites avec les notions d’espace, de territoire et de distance — une relation changeante selon le contexte politique et économique, et qui vaut comme critère de hiérarchisation sociale. L’espace ici étudié peut être lâche ou structuré, fini ou ouvert. On le voit être transformé en territoire, à l’initiative de personnes et de groupes. En même temps, les auteurs prennent en compte l’idée de distance: les élites la maîtrisent, elles contrôlent, modèlent, fondent des zones d’influence ou des territoires. L’étude du rapport des diverses élites à la distance, à l’espace et aux lieux de pouvoir permet ainsi de renouveler profondément l’approche du phénomène élitaire en privilégiant la pratique par rapport aux critères théoriques et juridiques de la distinction. La présente enquête est conduite sur la longue durée, depuis la fin du monde antique jusqu’au XIe siècle, et couvre une bonne partie de l’Europe (Allemagne, Angleterre, Espagne, France, Italie).
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Léon IX et son temps
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Léon IX et son temps show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Léon IX et son tempsLe pontificat de Léon IX (1049-1054) marque un tournant dans l’histoire de l’Eglise. Energique et déterminé, Léon IX voyage au sud comme au nord des Alpes, tient de nombreux conciles, fait sentir même aux évêques le poids de l’autorité romaine, tente de mener une politique cohérente face aux Normands et aux Byzantins, réforme la vieille chancellerie pontificale… Il lance ainsi, dans le respect de l’autorité impériale, la réforme de l’Eglise qui deviendra ensuite la réforme grégorienne.
Saisissant le prétexte du millénaire de sa naissance, un colloque réuni à Strasbourg en juin 2002 a fait le point sur les origines, la personnalité, l’action et l’entourage de ce pape, ainsi que sur les sources, narratives, diplomatiques, épistolaires, nécrologiques, archéologiques et autres, de l’histoire de son pontificat.
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Making and breaking the rules: succession in medieval Europe, c. 1000-c.1600. Établir et abolir les normes: la succession dans l’Europe médiévale, vers 1000-vers 1600
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Making and breaking the rules: succession in medieval Europe, c. 1000-c.1600. Établir et abolir les normes: la succession dans l’Europe médiévale, vers 1000-vers 1600 show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Making and breaking the rules: succession in medieval Europe, c. 1000-c.1600. Établir et abolir les normes: la succession dans l’Europe médiévale, vers 1000-vers 1600Les stratégies familiales au Moyen Âge recourent à un vaste éventail de dispositifs destinés à assurer la survie de la famille et du pouvoir qu’elle gère parfois. Mariages, alliances, processus d’adoption même permettent de conserver et d’étendre l’identité familiale, que ce soit sous la forme de la lignée ou de la parenté large; mais ce sont sans doute les stratégies adoptées au moment des successions qui sont les plus cruciales pour la perpétuation des familles. Les études réunies ici tentent de confronter et de comparer les systèmes de succession en vigueur dans les différentes régions d’Occident, de la Russie à l’Irlande, de la Scandinavie à la péninsule Ibérique. Dans le cas des successions princières, elles démontrent que l’étude du principe électoral permet de mieux comprendre, a contrario, ce qui fait la force du sentiment dynastique, jamais absent. Et la comparaison avec d’autres domaines où jouent les processus de succession, qu’il s’agisse de l’Église ou de l’office, vient alimenter des interrogations nouvelles sur les formes du désir de pérennité.
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Manuscripts and Monastic Culture
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Manuscripts and Monastic Culture show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Manuscripts and Monastic CultureEach of the studies in this volume draws upon a manuscript, or a group of manuscripts, that shed light on the practice of monastic life during this period of reform. Many, but not all, of the papers focus on the monastery of Admont in central Austria. Admont was one of the most important spiritual, cultural, and intellectual centres in the high Middle Ages, and its magnificent library still houses an extensive collection of manuscripts - a rich resource both for the history of the monastery and for the broader history of medieval religious life. The book brings together the work of an international group of scholars whose work touches on various aspects of twelfth-century Admont, and the broader movement for reform and renewal in Germany and Austria.
With the publication of Charles Homer Haskin’s important work, The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century (1933), came a new way of looking at the civilization of the high Middle Ages. Scholars have since investigated many aspects of this revival: the rise of the universities, the development of canon law, the emergence (or re-emergence) of a heightened sense of human individuality, and the revival of religious fervour that has been labelled a reformation before the Reformation. Much of this scholarly work has focused on northern-central Italy, France, and England. Germany, however, has been little studied in this context, in part because the nature and trajectory of the reform there differed from that seen elsewhere in Europe. The essays in the book both explore connections between Germanic lands and the wider western European context, and consider the unique spiritual and intellectual climate of Germany’s monasteries.
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Princely Virtues in the Middle Ages
show More to view fulltext, buy and share links for:Princely Virtues in the Middle Ages show Less to hide fulltext, buy and share links for: Princely Virtues in the Middle AgesThe contributors to this book examine the diverse roles played by moral virtues in the political writing of the Later Middle Ages. Medieval political thought has a long tradition of scholarship, and its ethical dimension has always received sustained attention. This volume specifically concentrates on the meaning and function of virtues in a political context, a theme which has thus far been neglected. The authors deal with Latin texts (occasionally in combination with vernacular ones) from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries that define, legitimize, or criticize secular rule by using catalogues of virtues, originating from ancient philosophy as well as Christian moral theology. The contributions discuss various aspects related to this theme, such as the relation between the virtues of rulers and general moral precepts; the tension between secular or philosophical perspectives on virtue and Christian moral thought; the use of moral virtues for political ends; the balance between praise of the prince’s virtues and criticism of his vices; and so forth. The medieval texts under discussion are of French, German, English, Italian, and Spanish origin, and vary from educational treatises and historiography to moral theology and political philosophy.
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