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Fondée à la fin du x e siècle, Montpellier connut une expansion fulgurante à partir du xii e, à la faveur du développement d’échanges culturels et économiques, vers la Méditerranée ou le nord de l’Europe. Cette expansion était le fruit de politiques menées par les Guilhem et confirmée lors du passage de la seigneurie sous l’autorité des rois d’Aragon et de Majorque après 1204, quand la ville obtint un gouvernement consulaire. Devenue une communauté urbaine d’importance au xiii e siècle, Montpellier était habitée par une population cosmopolite. Dans et hors les murs se croisaient grands marchands, changeurs et simples revendeurs, universitaires et intellectuels de renom, artisans et agriculteurs. L’attractivité et le rayonnement de Montpellier en faisaient l’une des principales villes du Bas-Languedoc. Pourtant, son histoire médiévale n’a bénéficié que d’une attention inégale de la part des chercheurs. Cet ouvrage procède d’un colloque international réuni à Montpellier en 2013 et rassemble des articles réalisés par les principaux contributeurs et principales contributrices à l’histoire et à l’archéologie de la ville. Basées sur des archives originales ou sur la réinterprétation de données connues, les recherches proposées ici, tout en présentant un bilan des travaux passés, empruntent des voies nouvelles démontrant les promesses des études historiques et archéologiques sur Montpellier.

Entourés des attentions des médiévistes, les cartulaires sont devenus un objet d’histoire. Ces recueils, résultant de la compilation d’actes par une institution ou une personne juridique, entretiennent des relations complexes avec les originaux, sources directes ou indirectes mises en œuvre par les cartularistes. Qu’il s’agisse de la sélection des matériaux ou du transfert d’informations du modèle à la cible, le travail accompli est affaire de choix, divers et multiples, dont il faut retrouver les logiques pour espérer comprendre les objectifs des hommes qui ont commandités et réalisés ces manuscrits. Même soumis à des contingences matérielles, les copistes conservent une certaine marge de manœuvre dans le traitement de leur documentation. Ils trient, classent ou reclassent les documents qu’ils accueillent et enfin transcrivent les actes en adoptant certains principes. Ce recueil d’études a pour but de renouveler la confrontation originaux-cartulaires, à travers l’analyse d’un recueil et de son chartrier ou grâce à l’exploration d’une question liée à la transcription, à travers plusieurs cartulaires.

La question est ici approchée dans un cadre régional, en l’occurrence la Lorraine médiévale, principalement constituée des diocèses de Metz, Toul et Verdun - et occasionnellement étendue à l’ancienne Lotharingie. La chronologie est délibérément large (XIIe - XVIe siècle), donnant toute leur place aux expériences, parfois négligées, de la fin du Moyen Âge. À défaut d’aborder systématiquement le phénomène de la « mise en cartulaire », les dossiers ici réunis voudraient en enrichir les données et questionnements.

Membre de la Classe des Lettres et des Sciences morales et politiques de l’Académie royale de Belgique et de la Commission royale d’Histoire de Belgique, Docteur honoris causa des Universités Jean Moulin Lyon 3 et de Haute-Alsace à Mulhouse, Professeur des Universités Saint-Louis de Bruxelles et catholique de Louvain, Secrétaire général du Centre européen d’Études bourguignonnes, Jean-Marie Cauchies a connu un parcours académique et une carrière universitaire prestigieux et exemplaires. À l’heure où il quitte sa charge d’enseignement pour une retraite sereine, mais sans doute aussi très studieuse, ses collègues et amis ont souhaité lui offrir un ensemble d’études relevant d’une matière à laquelle le jubilaire a consacré une part majeure de sa production scientifique - avec les trois volumes d’Ordonnances de Jean sans Peur et de Philippe le Bon, générales et destinées au Hainaut, parus à ce jour (Commission royale pour la publication des Anciennes Lois et Ordonnances de Belgique) et sa biographie de Philippe le Beau (Brepols, Coll. Burgundica) - en l’occurrence l’histoire des pays bourguignons des ducs de la Maison de Valois, puis de leurs successeurs Habsbourg. Si elles ne peuvent rendre compte de l’extrême diversité des thèmes auxquels Jean-Marie Cauchies aura consacré ses travaux bourguignons, lesquels relèvent aussi souvent, de façon fatalement imbriquée, des histoires du Hainaut et du droit, auxquels d’autres recueils d’hommage sont consacrés ailleurs, elles se veulent l’expression, à son égard, d’une admiration fondée et d’un riche esprit de convivialité scientifique et humaine.

The fruit of a sustained and close collaboration between historians, linguists and jurists working on the Christian, Muslim and Jewish societies of the Middle Ages, this book explores the theme of religious coexistence (and the problems it poses) from a resolutely comparative perspective. The authors concentrate on a key aspect of this coexistence: the legal status attributed to Jews and Muslims in Christendom and to dhimmīs in Islamic lands. What are the similarities and differences, from the point of view of the law, between the indigenous religious minority and the foreigner? What specific treatments and procedures in the courtroom were reserved for plaintiffs, defendants or witnesses belonging to religious minorities? What role did the law play in the segregation of religious groups? In limiting, combating, or on the contrary justifying violence against them? Through these questions, and through the innovative comparative method applied to them, this book offers a fresh new synthesis to these questions and a spur to new research.

Over the span of his career, Gernot R. Wieland has been actively engaged in the contribution and promotion of the study of medieval literature, particularly in Anglo-Latin and Old English. From his early work on glosses in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, to his later editorial work for The Journal of Medieval Latin, Wieland has provided the field with diverse, diligent, and creative scholarship. The contributors of this volume pay tribute to the significance of Wieland’s teaching and learning in the literature of medieval Europe by presenting him with twelve essays on varied aspects of the subject.

The first section of the volume aims to honour Wieland’s contributions to the study of medieval glossing. It deals with the history of glossing from early medieval Latin literature to late Middle English grammatical texts, as well as the early interpretative history of Walter of Châtillon’s Alexandreis and Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britannie. The following section corresponds with Wieland’s interest in Anglo-Saxon literature, with essays on the bilingual letters of Ælfric of Eynsham, the poetry of Alcuin of York, and the Old English Hexateuch. The second half of the volume, which examines elements of Latin literature from the eleventh to the fourteenth century, is divided into two sections containing essays that well represent Wieland’s diverse philological and literary interests in medieval Latin. The third section of the volume on the texts and contexts of Latin literature presents essays on the books of Abbot Maiolus of Cluny, on scholastic virtues of good teaching, and on Walter Map’s Dissuasio Valerii. The final section on the texts and manuscripts of Latin literature provides editions of and commentaries on a Latin-Greek phrase-book, a treatise on the firmament of Genesis 1:6.

With these contributions, this volume honours the research interests of a great teacher and learner of the Middle Ages: Gernot Weiland.

Conversion to Christianity is arguably the most revolutionary social and cultural change that Europe experienced throughout Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. Christianization affected all strata of society and transformed not only religious beliefs and practices, but also the nature of government, the priorities of the economy, the character of kinship, and gender relations. It is against this backdrop that an international array of leading medievalists gathered under the auspices of the Converting the Isles Research Network (funded by the Leverhulme Trust) to investigate social, economic, and cultural aspects of conversion in the early medieval Insular world, covering different parts of Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia, and Iceland.

This volume analyses the effects of religious conversion on landscapes of cult and on religious practice in Europe, focusing in particular on Britain and Ireland. Adopting an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, the volume investigates the interaction between different forms of belief, their coexistence and competition. It discusses the coming of writing, the power of the word, landscapes of ritual, and converting communities. The contributors include leading historians, archaeologists, linguists, and literary scholars. This is the second volume to emerge from research undertaken by contributors to the Converting the Isles Research Network and forms a companion volume to The Introduction of Christianity into the Early Medieval Insular World.

See the companion volume at: http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503554624-1

This book provides a fresh insight into European medieval culture by focusing on the concept of the marvellous as it was depicted in medieval writings. Drawing together papers that were presented at the Aspects of the Marvellous in Medieval Literature conference, held at the University of L’Aquila in November 2012, the volume takes a broad multicultural and multilingual approach that offers new perspectives onto the various kinds of mirabile and their common themes in texts from across Europe. Contributions to this volume pay equal attention to both Latin and vernacular writings, and cover aspects of the marvellous in fields as diverse as medieval Latin literature, Romance, Germanic, and Celtic philology, miracles and mirabilia, monsters and fairies, strange creatures and fantastic worlds. Above all, by expanding analysis through different literatures, languages, and literary genres, the volume not only provides an opportunity to compare and contrast key themes and features of these texts, but also casts new light onto the making of our own cultural identity.

This book portrays a little-known phenomenon in Bohemian cultural and political history - the visual culture that grew up in the environment of Reformation churches in Bohemia from the time of the Hussites until the defeat of the Estates by the Habsburg coalition at White Mountain in 1620. It provides the first comprehensive overview of a forgotten era of artistic production over a period of approximately two hundred years, when most of the population of Bohemia professed non-Catholic faiths.

During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries a unique situation arose in Bohemia, with five main Christian denominations (Utraquists, Lutherans, the Unity of Brethren, Calvinists, and Catholics) gradually coming to function alongside each other, with a number of other religious groups also active. The main churches, which had a fundamental influence on political stability in the state, were the majority Utraquists and the minority Catholics. Yet the essays of this book establish that despite the particularities of the Bohemian situation, the religious trends of Bohemia were an integral part of the process of Reformation across Europe.

Featuring over fifty illustrations including manuscript illumination, panel painting, and architecture, the book also presents the surviving cultural products of the four non-Catholic Christian denominations, ranging from the more moderate to radical Reformation cultures. The book also analyses the attitudes of these denominations to religious representations, and illuminates their uses of visual media in religious and confessional communication. The book thus opens up both the Reformation culture of Bohemia and its artistic heritage to an international audience.

Recent scholarship has suggested that the religious divide between Jews and Christians in the Middle Ages, although ever-present (and at times even violently so), did not stop individuals and groups from forming ties and expanding them in more intricate ways than previously thought. Moreover, these networks appear to have functioned with an apparent disregard towards any confessional and religious differences. Nevertheless, this was by no means a straightforward or simple situation; both the theological background to how each faith viewed ‘other’ beliefs, as well as the strong social, religious, and authoritative circles that at the least critiqued, even if they did not entirely discourage such contacts, created a formidable opposition to these networks. The articles in this book were presented as papers during an international workshop at the Central European University in Budapest in February 2010. In these presentations and discussions, the premise of interfaith relations and networks was thoroughly explored across Europe from the Iberian Peninsula to the eastern Hungarian frontier, and from England to Italy throughout the high and later medieval period. In this volume, the contributors explore a number of phenomena through different disciplinary approaches. Ties of an economic and cultural nature are examined, and attention is paid to social contacts and networks in the fields of art and the sciences, and matters of daily life. The picture that emerges is altogether more nuanced and diverse than the bipolar paradigm that has dominated previous scholarship.