oa From St Olaf to the Relic of the Crown of Thorns. The Legitimization of Royal Power in Thirteenth-Century Norway

Breviaria ad usum ritumque sacrosanctae Nidrosiensis ecclesiae, impressum per […] viros Ioannem Kerbriant alias Huguelin et Ioannem Bienayse, Paris 1519; facsimile edition (Borsums forlag og antikvariat: Oslo, 1964), fols ƷƷ.V.v^o–ƷƷ.VI.v^o (424v^o–26v^o); a digitized edition: see ProQuest. Early European Books <https://www.proquest.com/eeb/docview/2090301286/fulltextPDF/90D05292EA6F4D79PQ/1?accountid=964> [Accessed 25 August 2022]

Comptes royaux: 1285–1314, publiés par Robert Fawtier, avec le concours de François Maillard, 3 vols (Paris: Impr. nationale 1953–1956), ii (1953)

Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt fornbréfasafn, 16 vols (Copenhagen: S. L. Möller, 1857–1952), i (1857–1876)

Diplomatarium Norvegicum, 22 vols (Christiania: Mallings, 1857–1995), i (1847), xvii, part 1 (1902)

Exuviae sacrae Constantinopolitanae, ed. by Paul E. Riant, foreword by Jannic Durand, 2 vols (Paris: Éditions du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, 2004; 1st edn 1878)

Guillaume de Nangis, Chronique latine de Guillaume de Nangis, de1113 à 1300, avec les continuations de cette Chronique de 1300 à 1368, 1: De 1113 à 1316, ed. by Hercule Géraud (Paris: Jules Renouard et Cie, 1843)

Guillaume de Nangis, Gesta Sancti Ludovici Regis (Vie de Saint Louis), Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, ed. by Pierre Daunou and Joseph Naudet, xx (Paris: Impr. Royale, 1840), pp. 309–465

Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430, ed. by Erich Christian Werlauff and Peter Frederik Suhm (Copenhagen: J. H. Schultz, 1847)

Latinske Dokumenter til Norsk Historie, ed. by Eirik Vandvik (Oslo: Samlaget, 1959)

The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, ed. by Janos M. Bak, György Bónis, and James Ross Sweeney, i (Idylwild: Schlacks jr, 1999)

Lectiones Bergenses in Festo Sanctae Coronae, ed. by Comte P.-E. D. Riant, in Exuviae sacrae Constantinopolitanae, 2 vols (Paris: Éditions du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, 2004; 1st edn 1878) ii, pp. 4–6

Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. by Henry Richards Luard, Rolls Series, 57, 7 vols (London: Longmans, 1872–1884)

Mély, Fernand de, Exuviae sacrae Constantinopolitanae, iii: La Croix des premiers croisés. La Sainte Lance. La Sainte Couronne (Paris: Leroux, 1904)

Norges gamle Love indtil 1387. Ifölge offentlig Foranstaltning og tillige med Understöttelse af det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, 5 vols (Christiania: Gröndahl, 1846–1895), ii (1848)

Norske middelalderdokumenter, ed. by Sverre Bagge, Knut Helle, and Synnøve Holstad Smedsdal (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1973)

Ordo Nidrosiensis ecclesiae. Ordubok, ed. by Lilli Gjerløw, Libri liturgici provinciae Nidrosiensis Medii aevi, 2 (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1968)

Passio et miracula beati Olavi, ed. by Lenka Jiroušková, in Lenka Jiroušková, Der heilige Wikingerkönig Olav Haraldsson, ii (Leiden: Brill, 2014)

Sturla ThΟrdarson, Hákonar Saga Hákonarsonar, ed. by Marina Mundt (Oslo: Norsk Historisk Kjeldeskrift–Institutt 1977)

Bagge, Sverre, ‘Kanslerembedet og Mariakirken i Oslo 1314–1350’, in Oslo bispedømme 900 år, ed. by Fridtjov Birkeli, Arne Odd Johnsen, and Einar Molland (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1974), pp. 143–61

Bagge, Sverre, Den kongelige kapellgeistlighet 1150–1319 (Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1976)

Bagge, Sverre, The Political Thought of The King’s Mirror (Odense: Odense University Press, 1987)

Bandlien, Bjørn, ‘Multiple Spaces, Multiple Selves? The Case of King Sverrir of Norway’, in Approaches to the Medieval Self, ed. by Stefka G. Eriksen, Karen Langsholt Holmqvist, and Bjørn Bandlien (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020), pp. 81–100

Beaune, Colette, La naissance de la nation France (Paris: Gallimard, 1985)

Beuermann Ian, ‘Conclusions: The Long Adaptation of Pagan and Christian Ideologies of Rulership’, in Ideology and Power in the Viking and Middle Ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes, ed. by Gro Steinsland, Jon Vidar Sigurdsson, Jan Erik Rekdal, and Ian B. Beuermann, The Northern World, 52 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), pp. 367–85

Billot, Claudine, ‘Le message spirituel et politique de la Sainte-Chapelle de Paris’, Revue Mabillon, n.s., 2.53 (1991), 119–41

Braun, Joseph, Die Reliquiare des christlichen Kultes und ihre Entwicklung (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1940)

Coviaux, Stéphane, ‘Les évêques norvégiens et les idées politiques d’Occident au xii^e siècle’, Médiévales, 50.1 (2006), 29–46

Duggan, Anne J., ‘The Decretals of the Archbishop Eystein of Trondheim (Nidaros)’, in Anne J. Duggan, Popes, Bishops, and the Progress of Canon Law, ed. by Travis Baker, Brepols Collected Essays in European Culture, 6 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2020), pp. 403–25

Duggan, Anne J., ‘Eystein and the World of the Learned Law with Special Reference to the Fragmentum Asloense, Oslo, Riksarkivet, Latin fragment 152, 1–2’, in Anne J. Duggan, Popes, Bishops, and the Progress of Canon Law, ed. by Travis Baker, Brepols Collected Essays in European Culture, 6 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2020), pp. 427–55

Ekroll, Øystein, ‘The Cult of St Olav in the Norse cultural sphere – and outside it’, in ‘Ecclesia Nidrosiensis’ and ‘Noregs veldi’: The role of the Church in the making of Norwegian domination in the Norse World, ed. by Steinar Imsen, ‘Norgesveldet’, Occasional Papers 3 (Trondheim: Akademika, 2012), pp. 45–66

Ekroll, Øystein, ‘The Saint, the Cathedral and the Town of Trondheim: the Creation of a Pilgrimage Cathedral and Pilgrimage Town in the Twelfth-Century Norway’, Revue d’Histoire Nordique / Nordic Historical Review, 6 (2013): Les villes scandinaves au Moyen Âge / Scandinavian Towns in the Middle Ages, pp. 149–68

Ekroll, Øystein, ‘The Shrine of St Olav in Nidaros Cathedral’, in The Medieval Cathedral of Trondheim: Architectural and Ritual Constructions in their European Context, ed. by Margrete Syrstad Andås, Øystein Ekroll, Andreas Haug, and Nils Holger Petersen, Ritus et Artes, 3 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007), pp. 147–207

Ekroll, Øystein, ‘St Olav, Nidaros, and Jerusalem’, in Tracing the Jerusalem Code, i: The Holy City, ed. by Kristin B. Aavitsland and Line M. Bonde (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021), pp. 270–98

Gunnes, Erik, Kongens ære. Kongemakt og kirke i En Tale mot biskopene (Oslo: Gyldendal, 1971)

Gunnes, Erik, ‘Rex iustus och iniustus, Norway’, in Kulturhistorisk Lexikon för nordisk medeltid, xiv (Malmö: Allhem, 1969), cols 154–56

Haug, Eldbjørg, ‘The Metropolitan, the King and the Bishops in “Norgesveldet”’, in ‘Ecclesia Nidrosiensis’ and ‘Noregs veldi’: The role of the Church in the making of Norwegian domination in the Norse World, ed. by Steinar Imsen, ‘Norgesveldet’, Occasional Papers 3 (Trondheim: Akademika, 2012), pp. 69–112

Helle, Knut, ‘Anglo-Norwegian Relations in the Reign of Håkon Håkonsson (1217–1263)’, Mediaeval Scandinavia, 1 (1968), 101–14

Hoffmann, Erich, ‘Coronation and Coronation Ordines in Medieval Scandinavia’, in Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual, ed. by János M. Bak (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), pp. 125–51

Hoffmann, Erich, Die heiligen Könige bei den Angelsachsen und den skandinavischen Völkern. Königsheiliger und Königshaus, Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte Schleswig–Holsteins, 69 (Neumünster: Wachholtz Verlag, 1975)

Hoffmann, Erich, ‘König Olav Haraldsson als Heiliger des norwegischen Königshauses’, in St Olav, seine Zeit und sein Kult, ed. by Gunnar Svahnström, Acta Visbyensia, 6 (Visby: Museum Gotlands Fornsal, 1981), pp. 35–43

Hoffmann, Erich, ‘Politische Heilige in Skandinavien und die Entwicklung der drei nordischen Reiche und Völker’, in Politik und Heiligenverehrung im Hochmittelalter, ed. by Jürgen Petersohn, Vorträge und Forschungen, 42 (Sigmaringen: Thorbecke Verlag, 1994), pp. 277–324

Holtzmann, Walther, ‘Krone und Kirche in Norwegen im 12. Jahrhundert’, Deutsches Archiv für Geschichte des Mittelalters, 2 (1938), 341–400

Hope, Steffen, ‘Reformulating the Sanctity of Olaf Haraldsson: Archbishop Eystein Erlendsson and the Ecclesiastical Image of Saint Olaf’, in Heiligkeiten: Konstruktionen, Funktionen und Transfer von Heiligkeitskonzepten, ed. by Andreas Bihrer and Fiona Fritz, Beiträge zur Hagiographie, 21 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2019), pp. 45–72

Imsen, Steinar (ed.), ‘Ecclesia Nidrosiensis’ and ‘Noregs veldi’: The role of the Church in the making of Norwegian domination in the Norse World, ‘Norgesveldet’, Occasional Papers 3 (Trondheim: Akademika, 2012)

Imsen, Steinar, ‘The Nidaros Church and its Province’, in ‘Ecclesia Nidrosiensis’ and ‘Noregs veldi’: The role of the Church in the making of Norwegian domination in the Norse World, ed. by Steinar Imsen, ‘Norgesveldet’, Occasional Papers 3 (Trondheim: Akademika, 2012), pp. 15–43

Jiroušková, Lenka, Der heilige Wikingerkönig Olav Haraldsson, i (Leiden: Brill, 2014)

Johnsen, Arne Odd, ‘Ad Filip IV’s relikviengaver til Håkon V (1303–1304)’, Historisk tidsskrift, 44 (1965), 151–56

Lemarignier, Jean–François, ‘Aspects politiques des fondations des collégiales dans le royaume de France au xi^e siècle’, in La vita comune del clero nei secoli XI e XII, Atti della Settimana di Studio: Mendola, settembre 1959, vol. ii, Comunicazioni e indici (Milan: Vita e Pensiero, 1962), pp. 19–40

Liepe, Lena, ‘The Crown of Thorns and the Royal Office in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Scandinavia’, in Tracing the Jerusalem Code, i: The Holy City, ed. by Kristin B. Aavitsland and Line M. Bonde (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021), pp. 166–87

Orning, Hans Jacob, Unpredictability and Presence: Norwegian Kingship in the High Middle Ages, trans. by Alan Crozier, The Northern World, 38 (Leiden: Brill, 2008)

Oslo bispedømme 900 år. Historiske studier, ed. by Fridtjov Birkeli, Arne Odd Johnsen, and Einar Molland (Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1974)

Peters, Edward, The Shadow King: Rex Inutilis in Medieval Law and Literature, 751–1327 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970)

Pulsiano, Philip and Kirsten Wolf, Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia, Garland Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages, 1 (New York: Garland, 1993)

Pysiak, Jerzy, The King and the Crown of Thorns: Kingship and the Cult of Relics in Capetian France (Berlin: Peter Lang, 2021)

Richard, Jean, Histoire des Croisades (Paris: Fayard, 1996)

Roaldset, Hege, Mariakirken i Oslo, de religiøse funksjonene (Oslo: Unipub, 2000)

Sunde, Jørn Øyrehagen, ‘The Virtues Building Jerusalem: The Four Daughters of God and Their Long Journey to Norwegian Law in the Thirteenth Century’, in Tracing the Jerusalem Code, i: The Holy City, ed. by Kristin B. Aavitsland and Line M. Bonde (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021), pp. 501–19

Svenungsen, Pål Berg, ‘The Saint and the Wry-Neck: Norse Crusaders and the Second Crusade’, in Tracing the Jerusalem Code, i: The Holy City, ed. by Kristin B. Aavitsland and Line M. Bonde (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021), pp. 95–132

Syrstad Andås, Margrete, ‘Art and Ritual in the Liminal Zone’, in The Medieval Cathedral of Trondheim: Architectural and Ritual Constructions in their European Context, ed. by Margrete Syrstad Andås, Øystein Ekroll, Andreas Haug, and Nils Holger Petersen, Ritus et Artes, 3 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007), pp. 47–126

Tobiassen, Torfinn, ‘Tronfølgelov og privilegiebrev. En studie i kongemaktens ideologi under Magnus Erlingsson’, [Norsk] Historisk tidsskrift, 43 (1964), 181–273

Vandvik, Eirik, ‘Donatio Constantini and Early Norwegian Church Policy’, Symbolae Osloenses, 21 (1955), 131–37

Vandvik, Eirik, ‘Konstantins dåp og Magnus Erlingssons kroning’, [Norsk] Historisk Tidsskrift, 37 (1954–1956), 121–29

Vandvik, Eirik, ‘Magnus Erlingssons kroningseid’, [Norsk] Historisk tidsskrift, 34 (1946–1948), 625–37

Vandvik, Eirik, Magnus Erlingssons privilegiebrev og kongevigsle, Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. II, Historisk-filosofisk klasse, Ny serie, 1 (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1962)

Wilson, Thomas Benjamin, History of the Church and State in Norway from the Tenth to the Sixteenth Century (Westminster: Constable, 1903)

Breviaria ad usum ritumque sacrosanctae Nidrosiensis ecclesiae, impressum per […] viros Ioannem Kerbriant alias Huguelin et Ioannem Bienayse, Paris 1519; facsimile edition (Borsums forlag og antikvariat: Oslo, 1964), fols ƷƷ.V.v^o–ƷƷ.VI.v^o (424v^o–26v^o); a digitized edition: see ProQuest. Early European Books <https://www.proquest.com/eeb/docview/2090301286/fulltextPDF/90D05292EA6F4D79PQ/1?accountid=964> [Accessed 25 August 2022]

Comptes royaux: 1285–1314, publiés par Robert Fawtier, avec le concours de François Maillard, 3 vols (Paris: Impr. nationale 1953–1956), ii (1953)

Diplomatarium Islandicum. Íslenzkt fornbréfasafn, 16 vols (Copenhagen: S. L. Möller, 1857–1952), i (1857–1876)

Diplomatarium Norvegicum, 22 vols (Christiania: Mallings, 1857–1995), i (1847), xvii, part 1 (1902)

Exuviae sacrae Constantinopolitanae, ed. by Paul E. Riant, foreword by Jannic Durand, 2 vols (Paris: Éditions du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, 2004; 1st edn 1878)

Guillaume de Nangis, Chronique latine de Guillaume de Nangis, de1113 à 1300, avec les continuations de cette Chronique de 1300 à 1368, 1: De 1113 à 1316, ed. by Hercule Géraud (Paris: Jules Renouard et Cie, 1843)

Guillaume de Nangis, Gesta Sancti Ludovici Regis (Vie de Saint Louis), Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, ed. by Pierre Daunou and Joseph Naudet, xx (Paris: Impr. Royale, 1840), pp. 309–465

Íslenzkir Annálar sive Annales Islandici ab anno Christi 803 ad annum 1430, ed. by Erich Christian Werlauff and Peter Frederik Suhm (Copenhagen: J. H. Schultz, 1847)

Latinske Dokumenter til Norsk Historie, ed. by Eirik Vandvik (Oslo: Samlaget, 1959)

The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, ed. by Janos M. Bak, György Bónis, and James Ross Sweeney, i (Idylwild: Schlacks jr, 1999)

Lectiones Bergenses in Festo Sanctae Coronae, ed. by Comte P.-E. D. Riant, in Exuviae sacrae Constantinopolitanae, 2 vols (Paris: Éditions du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, 2004; 1st edn 1878) ii, pp. 4–6

Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. by Henry Richards Luard, Rolls Series, 57, 7 vols (London: Longmans, 1872–1884)

Mély, Fernand de, Exuviae sacrae Constantinopolitanae, iii: La Croix des premiers croisés. La Sainte Lance. La Sainte Couronne (Paris: Leroux, 1904)

Norges gamle Love indtil 1387. Ifölge offentlig Foranstaltning og tillige med Understöttelse af det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, 5 vols (Christiania: Gröndahl, 1846–1895), ii (1848)

Norske middelalderdokumenter, ed. by Sverre Bagge, Knut Helle, and Synnøve Holstad Smedsdal (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1973)

Ordo Nidrosiensis ecclesiae. Ordubok, ed. by Lilli Gjerløw, Libri liturgici provinciae Nidrosiensis Medii aevi, 2 (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1968)

Passio et miracula beati Olavi, ed. by Lenka Jiroušková, in Lenka Jiroušková, Der heilige Wikingerkönig Olav Haraldsson, ii (Leiden: Brill, 2014)

Sturla ThΟrdarson, Hákonar Saga Hákonarsonar, ed. by Marina Mundt (Oslo: Norsk Historisk Kjeldeskrift–Institutt 1977)

Bagge, Sverre, ‘Kanslerembedet og Mariakirken i Oslo 1314–1350’, in Oslo bispedømme 900 år, ed. by Fridtjov Birkeli, Arne Odd Johnsen, and Einar Molland (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1974), pp. 143–61

Bagge, Sverre, Den kongelige kapellgeistlighet 1150–1319 (Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1976)

Bagge, Sverre, The Political Thought of The King’s Mirror (Odense: Odense University Press, 1987)

Bandlien, Bjørn, ‘Multiple Spaces, Multiple Selves? The Case of King Sverrir of Norway’, in Approaches to the Medieval Self, ed. by Stefka G. Eriksen, Karen Langsholt Holmqvist, and Bjørn Bandlien (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020), pp. 81–100

Beaune, Colette, La naissance de la nation France (Paris: Gallimard, 1985)

Beuermann Ian, ‘Conclusions: The Long Adaptation of Pagan and Christian Ideologies of Rulership’, in Ideology and Power in the Viking and Middle Ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes, ed. by Gro Steinsland, Jon Vidar Sigurdsson, Jan Erik Rekdal, and Ian B. Beuermann, The Northern World, 52 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), pp. 367–85

Billot, Claudine, ‘Le message spirituel et politique de la Sainte-Chapelle de Paris’, Revue Mabillon, n.s., 2.53 (1991), 119–41

Braun, Joseph, Die Reliquiare des christlichen Kultes und ihre Entwicklung (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1940)

Coviaux, Stéphane, ‘Les évêques norvégiens et les idées politiques d’Occident au xii^e siècle’, Médiévales, 50.1 (2006), 29–46

Duggan, Anne J., ‘The Decretals of the Archbishop Eystein of Trondheim (Nidaros)’, in Anne J. Duggan, Popes, Bishops, and the Progress of Canon Law, ed. by Travis Baker, Brepols Collected Essays in European Culture, 6 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2020), pp. 403–25

Duggan, Anne J., ‘Eystein and the World of the Learned Law with Special Reference to the Fragmentum Asloense, Oslo, Riksarkivet, Latin fragment 152, 1–2’, in Anne J. Duggan, Popes, Bishops, and the Progress of Canon Law, ed. by Travis Baker, Brepols Collected Essays in European Culture, 6 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2020), pp. 427–55

Ekroll, Øystein, ‘The Cult of St Olav in the Norse cultural sphere – and outside it’, in ‘Ecclesia Nidrosiensis’ and ‘Noregs veldi’: The role of the Church in the making of Norwegian domination in the Norse World, ed. by Steinar Imsen, ‘Norgesveldet’, Occasional Papers 3 (Trondheim: Akademika, 2012), pp. 45–66

Ekroll, Øystein, ‘The Saint, the Cathedral and the Town of Trondheim: the Creation of a Pilgrimage Cathedral and Pilgrimage Town in the Twelfth-Century Norway’, Revue d’Histoire Nordique / Nordic Historical Review, 6 (2013): Les villes scandinaves au Moyen Âge / Scandinavian Towns in the Middle Ages, pp. 149–68

Ekroll, Øystein, ‘The Shrine of St Olav in Nidaros Cathedral’, in The Medieval Cathedral of Trondheim: Architectural and Ritual Constructions in their European Context, ed. by Margrete Syrstad Andås, Øystein Ekroll, Andreas Haug, and Nils Holger Petersen, Ritus et Artes, 3 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007), pp. 147–207

Ekroll, Øystein, ‘St Olav, Nidaros, and Jerusalem’, in Tracing the Jerusalem Code, i: The Holy City, ed. by Kristin B. Aavitsland and Line M. Bonde (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021), pp. 270–98

Gunnes, Erik, Kongens ære. Kongemakt og kirke i En Tale mot biskopene (Oslo: Gyldendal, 1971)

Gunnes, Erik, ‘Rex iustus och iniustus, Norway’, in Kulturhistorisk Lexikon för nordisk medeltid, xiv (Malmö: Allhem, 1969), cols 154–56

Haug, Eldbjørg, ‘The Metropolitan, the King and the Bishops in “Norgesveldet”’, in ‘Ecclesia Nidrosiensis’ and ‘Noregs veldi’: The role of the Church in the making of Norwegian domination in the Norse World, ed. by Steinar Imsen, ‘Norgesveldet’, Occasional Papers 3 (Trondheim: Akademika, 2012), pp. 69–112

Helle, Knut, ‘Anglo-Norwegian Relations in the Reign of Håkon Håkonsson (1217–1263)’, Mediaeval Scandinavia, 1 (1968), 101–14

Hoffmann, Erich, ‘Coronation and Coronation Ordines in Medieval Scandinavia’, in Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual, ed. by János M. Bak (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), pp. 125–51

Hoffmann, Erich, Die heiligen Könige bei den Angelsachsen und den skandinavischen Völkern. Königsheiliger und Königshaus, Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte Schleswig–Holsteins, 69 (Neumünster: Wachholtz Verlag, 1975)

Hoffmann, Erich, ‘König Olav Haraldsson als Heiliger des norwegischen Königshauses’, in St Olav, seine Zeit und sein Kult, ed. by Gunnar Svahnström, Acta Visbyensia, 6 (Visby: Museum Gotlands Fornsal, 1981), pp. 35–43

Hoffmann, Erich, ‘Politische Heilige in Skandinavien und die Entwicklung der drei nordischen Reiche und Völker’, in Politik und Heiligenverehrung im Hochmittelalter, ed. by Jürgen Petersohn, Vorträge und Forschungen, 42 (Sigmaringen: Thorbecke Verlag, 1994), pp. 277–324

Holtzmann, Walther, ‘Krone und Kirche in Norwegen im 12. Jahrhundert’, Deutsches Archiv für Geschichte des Mittelalters, 2 (1938), 341–400

Hope, Steffen, ‘Reformulating the Sanctity of Olaf Haraldsson: Archbishop Eystein Erlendsson and the Ecclesiastical Image of Saint Olaf’, in Heiligkeiten: Konstruktionen, Funktionen und Transfer von Heiligkeitskonzepten, ed. by Andreas Bihrer and Fiona Fritz, Beiträge zur Hagiographie, 21 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2019), pp. 45–72

Imsen, Steinar (ed.), ‘Ecclesia Nidrosiensis’ and ‘Noregs veldi’: The role of the Church in the making of Norwegian domination in the Norse World, ‘Norgesveldet’, Occasional Papers 3 (Trondheim: Akademika, 2012)

Imsen, Steinar, ‘The Nidaros Church and its Province’, in ‘Ecclesia Nidrosiensis’ and ‘Noregs veldi’: The role of the Church in the making of Norwegian domination in the Norse World, ed. by Steinar Imsen, ‘Norgesveldet’, Occasional Papers 3 (Trondheim: Akademika, 2012), pp. 15–43

Jiroušková, Lenka, Der heilige Wikingerkönig Olav Haraldsson, i (Leiden: Brill, 2014)

Johnsen, Arne Odd, ‘Ad Filip IV’s relikviengaver til Håkon V (1303–1304)’, Historisk tidsskrift, 44 (1965), 151–56

Lemarignier, Jean–François, ‘Aspects politiques des fondations des collégiales dans le royaume de France au xi^e siècle’, in La vita comune del clero nei secoli XI e XII, Atti della Settimana di Studio: Mendola, settembre 1959, vol. ii, Comunicazioni e indici (Milan: Vita e Pensiero, 1962), pp. 19–40

Liepe, Lena, ‘The Crown of Thorns and the Royal Office in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Scandinavia’, in Tracing the Jerusalem Code, i: The Holy City, ed. by Kristin B. Aavitsland and Line M. Bonde (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021), pp. 166–87

Orning, Hans Jacob, Unpredictability and Presence: Norwegian Kingship in the High Middle Ages, trans. by Alan Crozier, The Northern World, 38 (Leiden: Brill, 2008)

Oslo bispedømme 900 år. Historiske studier, ed. by Fridtjov Birkeli, Arne Odd Johnsen, and Einar Molland (Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1974)

Peters, Edward, The Shadow King: Rex Inutilis in Medieval Law and Literature, 751–1327 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970)

Pulsiano, Philip and Kirsten Wolf, Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia, Garland Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages, 1 (New York: Garland, 1993)

Pysiak, Jerzy, The King and the Crown of Thorns: Kingship and the Cult of Relics in Capetian France (Berlin: Peter Lang, 2021)

Richard, Jean, Histoire des Croisades (Paris: Fayard, 1996)

Roaldset, Hege, Mariakirken i Oslo, de religiøse funksjonene (Oslo: Unipub, 2000)

Sunde, Jørn Øyrehagen, ‘The Virtues Building Jerusalem: The Four Daughters of God and Their Long Journey to Norwegian Law in the Thirteenth Century’, in Tracing the Jerusalem Code, i: The Holy City, ed. by Kristin B. Aavitsland and Line M. Bonde (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021), pp. 501–19

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