From ‘Integration Project’ to ‘Three-in-One Project’. Family Planning and Health Diplomacy between Japan and the People’s Republic of China, 1970s–1980s

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Abstract

This paper examines the co-production of knowledge-making and health diplomacy in the course of implementing the Japanese family planning overseas development aid program, ‘Integration Project’ (integurēshon purojekuto インテグレーション・プロジェクト), known as the ‘Three-in-One Project’ (sanjiehe xiangmu三结合项目) in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The analysis focuses on the historical background to this program, and the actual process toward its implementation. The paper argues that the implementation of the ‘Integration Project’ as the ‘three-in-one project’ in the PRC was more than just a simple act of linguistic translation. Rather, it shows how this involved epistemological and political negotiations that resulted from the specific ways in which healthcare, advocacy, and diplomacy were arranged in a constellation that involved Japan, PRC, and organizations active in the sphere of international governance since the 1970s, as the political contours of the Cold War were changing significantly.