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During his stay in Dresden in 1867, William James consulted a Dr Carus. The 1920 edition of James’ letters identifies him as the famous physician, psychologist, and painter Carl Gustav Carus. The 1995 edition of James’ correspondence erroneously takes him to be ‘an unidentified physician’ in Berlin. Most probably James consulted not the famous Dr Carus but his son, Albert Gustav Carus, the identification of the 1920 edition constituting a case of what R. K. Merton called the Matthew effect.