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During the transition time from Late Antiquity to Middle Ages, urban structures in Campania region, in Southern Italy, were involved in a deep transformation process. Many towns were scaled down or even disappeared, due to many factors, namely earthquakes, wars, drop in population and so on. In this context, the Lombard conquest represented the peak of the decay and the consequent dismantling of towns and urban network in the whole Campania. The paper analyzes that process in the light of documents coming from the rich literature, epigraphic sources and, mainly, from archeological campaigns.