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Produced in the high and lateMiddle Ages, badges are small, brooch-like objects with images, produced and worn for others to see, read, and interpret.The hypothesis tying together the articles in this special issue is that badges, though made out of different materials, operated as a pan-European, visual and symbolic mode of communication. Especially badges made out of tin-lead, or pewter, alloy circulated in large numbers and were distributed over large geographic areas. Their mass-production suggests a high level of what might be termed semiotic literacy across the diverse individuals and communities who wore them. People displayed specific badges, whether secular or religious (or both), to create and claim social, political, and religious relationships by drawing on iconographies that were familiar and intelligible across large areas of medieval Europe.
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