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“Rabbinic Literature as a historical source for the background of the Gospels”. Biblical scholars know P. Billerbeckʼs Commentary of the New Testament in the light of Rabbinic Literature, published in 1936. Most New Testament scholars know the book of J. Jeremias, Jerusalem in the time of Jesus, which quotes the Talmud as its main source. But very few scholars know the books of S. Krauss, Talmudische Archäologie, where they could find a lot of historical information. If talmudic literature is important to study the linguistic, the economic, the geographical, the sociological, the liturgical, the hermeneutical and theological background of the New Testament, it has a historical value and should be integrated in the ratio studiorum of the Christian Faculties of theology and Scripture.