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After the presentation of the characteristics and the contents of the five books of the Psalter, after having seen the moments of the different collections, after the description of the Psalms, the author presents the two perspectives to which every thing can be reduced: 1) The individual or collective lament. As far as individual lament is concerned the author thinks that they are liturgical prayers of the king that date before the exile. Then he gives the theology of both individual and collective laments presented in a diachronical way. Studying the oral poetry he goes back as far as David himself. 2) The praise in the tôdâ and in the Hymns. The authors defends their old origins and analyses their ritual elements and tries to analyze their development. 3) Finally he studies the last collections, those of book V, the ascent psalms, the Hallel and the wisdom psalms and the alphabetical ones which try to give a redactional link of all the Psalter.