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The reception of Italian humanist culture in early modern France has stimulated longstanding scholarly interest and different methodological approaches. Through biography and art patronage, this article examines the response of Thomas James, bishop of Dol-de-Bretagne, to humanist thought and all’antica from his activities in Rome. Drawing on Vatican records, correspondence, and literary and religious texts, this study reveals James as an important eyewitness, a passenger between cultures, whose life provides a lens through which to observe his acculturation of Italian humanist interests in language, history, and art.