Canon law
More general subjects:
Filter :
Content type
Publication Date
Language
Publisher
Book Series
Authors
Canon Law and Christian Societies between Christianity and Islam
An Arabic Canon Collection from al-Andalus and its Transcultural Contexts
The unique Arabic version of the Iberian canon law code 'Collectio Hispana' preserved in a mid-eleventh-century manuscript of the Royal Library of El Escorial has been deemed “the most distinguished and characteristic” work of medieval Andalusi Christian writing. It represents an exceptional source witness to the internal legal organisation of Christian communities in Muslim-dominated al-Andalus as well as to their acculturation to Islamicate environments. Yet the Arabic collection has received only little scholarly attention so far. This volume presents the results of a recent interdisciplinary research project on the Arabic canon law manuscript flanked by contributions from neigbouring fields of research that allow for a comparative assessment of the substantial new findings. The individual chapters in this volume address issues such as the origins of the Arabic law code and its sole transmitting manuscript its language and translation strategies its source value for both the persistence and transformation of ecclesiastical institutions after the Muslim conquest or the law code's position in the judicial practice of al-Andalus. The volume brings together the scholarly expertise of distinguished specialists in a broad range of disciplines e.g. history Arabic and Latin philology medieval palaeography and codicology archaeology coptology theology and history of law.
Imperium et sacerdotium
Droit et Pouvoir sous l’Empereur Manuel Ier Comnène (1143-1180)
«Manuel en Christ le Dieu fidèle basileus le porphyrogénète empereur des romains très pieux vénérable à jamais auguste.» Le règne de l’empereur Manuel Ier (1143-1180) est analysé à partir du principe de la pietas terme à portée morale canonique et juridique qui concerne la capacité du Basileus de légiférer de façon juste au profit des intérêts de l’État. L’œuvre législative de Manuel Ier que les juristes byzantins de l’époque considéraient comme une interprétation moderne de dispositions fondamentales du droit romain eut comme objectif principal de renforcer l’image sacerdotale du Basileus qui avait été sécularisée durant la crise politique du xi e siècle. L’attachement de Manuel Ier aux lois civiles et à leur strict respect était lié à sa conception de la supériorité de l’État et du droit byzantin expression de la volonté divine. L’insertion du droit canonique au droit public traduisait la nécessité de dépasser le dualisme étatique. L’intégration de l’Église dans ce programme valorisait ses responsabilités spirituelles vis-à-vis d’un Empereur qui concevait la gouvernance comme une responsabilité spirituelle. Besoins d’un État moderne et besoins spirituels de la société se conjuguent dans ce système harmonieux spécifique à l’empire byzantin du xii e siècle.
The Fourth Lateran Council and the Development of Canon Law and the ius commune
This volume collects essays from an international group of scholars who treat various aspects of the Fourth Lateran Council's placement within the development of the ius commune. Topics include the canon law about armsbearing clergy episcopal elections heresy degrees of affinity within marriage the oversight of relic veneration; two essays highlight the council's reaction to the Fourth Crusade's sack of Constantinople in trying to incorporate the eastern church into the ecclesiastical structure and liturgical norms of the Roman Church; several essays concentrate on the usage of Roman or civil law in some of Lateran IV's constitutions and emphasize issues of private and procedural law. Collectively and headed by an essay by Anne J. Duggan on the relationship of Pope Alexander III's pontificate to the Lateran IV constitutions the essays create a fuller picture of Innocent III and his curia's reliance on developments within the jurisprudence of the preceding half century but they also reveal the ways in which they forged new paths and made significant contributions to guide canon law in the years following the council.
Droit subjectif ou droit objectif ? La notion de ius en droit sacramentaire au XIIe siècle
Michel Villey situait le passage d’une conception réaliste à une conception subjective du droit (le droit conçu comme pouvoir de l’individu) au xiv e siècle lors de la controverse sur la pauvreté franciscaine et du développement de la philosophie volontariste d’Ockham. Brian Tierney remit en cause cette hypothèse et rechercha les prodromes de la notion de droits naturels (rights par opposition au droit objectif et positif laws) dès le xii e siècle. Michel Villey signalait lui aussi l’importance du xii e siècle mais y voyait au contraire la renaissance de la notion réaliste de droit à la faveur de la redécouverte du droit romain et du développement de la jurisprudence. Pour trancher cette controverse entre ces deux grands historiens et philosophes du droit il convenait de retourner aux textes.
Peut-on trouver dès le xii e siècle les germes d’une conception subjective du droit ? En s’interrogeant sur la validité et la licéité des sacrements célébrés par les clercs hérétiques schismatiques ou simoniaques le cas des ordinations absolues et le pouvoir de lier et délier des prélats hérétiques le droit sacramentaire offre un champ d’analyse privilégié. Dans ces situations se trouve problématisé le rapport entre la situation personnelle du ministre (à la fois morale et canonique) et sa fonction au service de l’Église c’est-à-dire entre une situation subjective de « possession personnelle » du sacrement de l’ordre et une situation de distribution des sacrements au service de la communauté des fidèles.
Gratien puis Roland Rufin Étienne de Tournai Jean de Faenza Simon de Bisignano Huguccio et les Summae (parisiensis coloniensis lipsiensis etc.) utilisent certes un vocabulaire subjectivement façonné (potestas potentia facultas ius dandi) mais derrière les mots se développe une conception objective du droit seule capable de fournir des distinctions opérantes aux questions pratiques d’un siècle crucial pour le droit canonique.
Religious Minorities in Christian, Jewish and Muslim Law (5th - 15th centuries)
The fruit of a sustained and close collaboration between historians linguists and jurists working on the Christian Muslim and Jewish societies of the Middle Ages this book explores the theme of religious coexistence (and the problems it poses) from a resolutely comparative perspective. The authors concentrate on a key aspect of this coexistence: the legal status attributed to Jews and Muslims in Christendom and to dhimmīs in Islamic lands. What are the similarities and differences from the point of view of the law between the indigenous religious minority and the foreigner? What specific treatments and procedures in the courtroom were reserved for plaintiffs defendants or witnesses belonging to religious minorities? What role did the law play in the segregation of religious groups? In limiting combating or on the contrary justifying violence against them? Through these questions and through the innovative comparative method applied to them this book offers a fresh new synthesis to these questions and a spur to new research.
Law and Practice in the Age of Reform
The Legatine Work of Hugh of Die (1073-1106)
In reconstructing Hugh of Die’s legatine and conciliar activity this book offers intriguing new arguments about the many relevant and often confused issues surrounding eleventh-century legates councils and the law - three inextricable components of church reform and administration. Hugh’s efforts in promulgating and disseminating reform in France in the 1070s 1080s and 1090s were shaped significantly by his council activity. The manner in which he conducted this business sheds light on every aspect of his work revealing not only his personal interpretation and application of the law but also his vigour in suppressing clerical marriage the selling of church offices lay investiture and the gravity with which he conducted his duties as legate. New light is cast on Hugh’s personality and achievements by looking at the nature and influence of his legatine and legal activity in France qualities that can only be appreciated in light of the ferment of activity during Gregory VII’s pontificate. The dialectical relationship between reform and law in eleventh-century France is a recurring theme throughout this investigation illustrating in more demonstrable terms the flow of ecclesiastical business between the papal court in Rome and France and vice versa.