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The Composite Nature of Poland‑Lithuania. Political, Cultural, and Social Dynamics in the Early Modern East Central Europe

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Figures

Image of Figure 1.
Figure 1. Composition of dynastic and terrestrial coats of arms surrounding the coats of arms of the Kingdom of Poland, woodcut, printed on the reverse side of the title page of Allessandro Guagnini’s …, Kraków 1578, Wrocław, ZNO, XVI.F.4204. Source: Public domain through Wikimedia: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Sarmatiae_Europae_Descriptio%2C_Insigne_Regni_Poloniae.jpg
Image of Figure 2.
Figure 2. The charter of the Union of Lublin (founding act of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, sealed with 77 seals), Warszawa, AGAD, collection of parchment documents, nr 5627. Source: Wikimedia Commons, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unia_Lubelska_1569_r..jpg
Image of Figure 3.
Figure 3. John III Sobieski as the triumphant in the Battle of Khotyn (1673), painting of Andreas Stech, Ferdinand von Kessel the Older (oil on canvass), 1674–1679, Borys Voznytsky Lviv National Art Gallery (originally in the Church of St Lawrence in Zhovkva). Source: Public Domain through Wikimedia Commons, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stech_Kessel_Bitwa_pod_Chocimiem.jpg
Image of Figure 4.
Figure 4. Resolution of the 3 May Constitution (1791), etching, Jean Pierre Norblin, 1792, Warszawa, Muzeum Narodowe, collection of Polish prints, signature Gr.Pol.2364 MNW. Source: Public Domain through https://cyfrowe.mnw.art.pl/en/catalog/839010

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  27. Frost, Robert, ‘Ordering the Kaleidoscope: The Construction of Identities in the Lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth since 1569’, in Power and the Nation in European History, ed. by Len Scales and Oliver Zimmer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 212–31
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