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oa Crisis of the Subject in Mediated Communication

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Abstract

The years 2020 and 2021 have been marked by a pandemic in terms of the unmeasurable damage to health and the economy. While the endangered health of the population is the primary consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are also several secondary ones caused by the security measures taken by the world countries’ representatives. First and foremost is the economic loss; apart from that, there is also health damage caused by the lockdown and people’s responsibility to stay at home without physical activity or social interactions resulting in general risk for physical and mental health. Besides the health issues, communication is another area which is undergoing a drastic challenge due to indirect COVID-19 pandemic consequences. The traditional forms of mediated communication, widely spread and developed in recent decades thanks to the technological progress, have become, in many cases, the only possible way of human communication. The secondary role of mediated communication over the non-mediated primary communication is questionable in the times we live in. In this chapter, the crisis of the subject of the communication related to pandemic-induced communicational transformation is examined.

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Figures

Figure 1. Jakobson’s schema of communication
Figure 2. Medium merges with addresser
Figure 3. Medium merges with message
Figure 4. Medium merges with message and subject

References

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References

  1. Andacht, Fernando, ‘Uma abordagem semiótica e indicial da identidade na era de YouTubeIntexto, 79 (2015), pp. 7998.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bradshaw, Samantha, and et al., Industrialized Disinformation. 2020 Global Inventory of Organised Social Media Manipulation (Oxford, UK: Oxford Internet Institute, 2020).
  3. Buczynska-Garewicz, Hanna, ‘Peirce and Descartes’, in Living Doubt: Essays concerning the epistemology of Charles Sanders Peirce, ed. by Guy Debrock and Menno Hulswit (Dordrecht: Springer, 1994) pp. 151–56.
  4. Clark, Andy, Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, Bradford Books, 1998).
  5. Clark, Andy, Supersizing the mind: Embodiment, action, and cognitive extension (Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
  6. Charvát, Martin, O nových médiích, modularitě a simulaci (Prague: Metropolitan University Prague Press and Tongua, 2017).
  7. Eco, Umberto, Il pendolo di Foucault (Milano: Bompiani, 1988).
  8. Eco, Umberto, Kant e l’ornitorinco (Milano: Bompiani, 1997).
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  11. Giuliana, Gianmarco Thierry, and et al. (eds.), Love and Sex in the Digital Age. Digital Age in Semiotics and Communication. Journal by the Southeast European Center for Semiotic Studies, 2 (2019).
  12. Gvoždiak, Vít, Jakobson’s semiotic theory (orig. Jakobsonova sémiotická teorie) (Olomouc: Palacký University, 2014).
  13. Hájková, Klára, ‘Jak nošení roušek ovlivňuje naši komunikaci’, in Lingvistika z obýváku, ed. by Dan Faltýnek (Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2020),
  14. Hjelmslev, Louis, Principes de grammaire générale (København: Det Kgl. Danske videnskabernes selskab., 1928).
  15. Hjelmslev, Louis, Prolégomènes à une théorie du langage (Paris: Minuit, 1971 [1943]).
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  18. Jakobson, Roman, Selected Writings III. Poetry of Grammar and Grammar of Poetry (The Hague–Paris–New York: Mouton, 1981).
  19. Kera, Denisa, ‘Globální sítě a mashupy lidí, věcí a dat: Antropomorfizace technologie a dehumanizace lidí’ (Plzeň: Antropowebzin, 2007).
  20. Kopecký, Daniel, McGurkův efekt (Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, in print, 2022).
  21. Kořenský, Jan, ‘Teorie nových médií a transformace prostředku na subjekt?’, in Registre jazyka a jazykovedy (II), ed. by Jana Kesselová and others (Prešov: Univerzitná knižnica Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove, 2014), pp. 132–36.
  22. Kořenský, Jan, ‘Prostor (a čas) v komunikaci a jeho proměny v souvislostech s vývojem mediačních prostředků’, Slavistična revija, 62 (2014), pp. 387–93.
  23. Lacková, Ľudmila, ‘Participative Opposition Applied’, Sign Systém Studies, 10.12697/sss.1 (2021).
  24. Leone, Massimo, ‘The Semiotics of the Face in Digital Dating: A Research Direction’, in Love and Sex in the Digital Age, ed. by Gianmarco Thierry Giuliana and others, Digital Age in Semiotics and Communication. Journal by the Southeast European Center for Semiotic Studies, 2 (2019), pp. 18–40.
  25. Leone, Massimo, ‘Estéticas faciais nas sociedades digitais contemporâneas’, in Contribuições da Semiótica ao ensino de português no mundo, ed. by Maria Teresa Tedesco and Claudio Correia (Rio de Janeiro: Dialogarts, 2021), pp. 13–22.
  26. Livingstone, Sonia, ‘On the mediation of everything’, Journal of Communication, 59. 1 (2008), pp. 118.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Loomba, Sahil, and et al., ‘Measuring the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccination Intent in the UK and USA’, Nature Human Behaviour, 5 (2021), pp. 33748.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Manovich, Lev, The Language of New Media (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001).
  29. Manovich, Lev, Software Takes Command (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013).
  30. Marino, Gabriele, and Mattia Thibault (eds.), Viralità-Virality, Lexia. Rivista di semiotica, 25–26 (2016).
  31. McGurk, Harry, and John MacDonald, ‘Hearing lips and seeing voices’, Nature, 264(5588) (1976), pp. 74648.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Niola, Marino, ‘La delocalizzazione della nostra memoria’, Repubblica, 41/129, 1 June 2016, p. 29, https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2016/06/01/la-delocalizzazione-della-nostra-memoria29.html
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Understanding the Infodemic and Misinformation in the Fight Against COVID-19 (2020), https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/52052
  34. Paolucci, Claudio, Strutturalismo e interpretazione (Milano: Bompiani, 2010).
  35. Peirce, Charles Sanders, Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1931, 1935, 1958).
  36. Sams, Mikko, and et al., ‘Seeing and hearing others and oneself talk’, Cognitive Brain Research, 23. 2–3 (2005), pp. 429–35.
  37. Santangelo, Antonio, ‘I narcisi mascherati, gli eroi e noi. La parabola dei selfie con la maschera’, in Volti virali, ed. by Massimo Leone (Turin: FACETS Digital Press, 2020), pp. 39–68.
  38. Smith, Rory, and et al., Under the Surface: Covid-19 Vaccine Narratives, Misinformation and Data Deficits on Social Media, https://firstdraftnews.org/vaccine-narratives-full-report-november-2020
  39. Thakur, Dhanaraj, and DeVan L. Hankerson, Facts and their Discontents: A Research Agenda for Online Disinformation, Race, and Gender, Center for Democracy & Technology, (2021).
  40. Vieira, Caio C., and et al., Ciência contaminada analisando o contágio de desinformação sobre coronavírus via youtube, (2020), [Crossref].
  41. WHO Public Health Research Agenda for Managing Infodemics (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021).
  42. Williams, Sophie, Coronavirus: How face masks are becoming fashionable, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52691164
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