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The Pregnancies of Mary-Anne in Fifteenth- to Sixteenth-Century Franco-Flemish Manuscript Illuminations. Between Iconographic Appropriation and Iconographic Development

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This chapter discusses the pregnancy representations of the Virgin Mary and Saint Anne. More precisely, it focuses on the iconographic permeability and flexibility between the two hagiographic figures in what mostly concerns manuscript illuminations. In this sense, manuscript illuminations showing a pregnant Saint Anne are related to Marian representations as in the Annunciation, the Throne of Wisdom, etc. The chapter tackles mostly Franco-Flemish source material, however, these sources suggest a much larger area of dissemination for such pregnancy representations, dominated not only by the cult of Saint Anne, but also by commercial networks (Flemish/Spanish). Furthermore, pregnancy representations permeate other holy motherhoods from apocryphal stories — those of Mary Salome and Mary Cleophas.

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The Pregnancies of Mary-Anne in Fifteenth- to Sixteenth-Century Franco-Flemish Manuscript Illuminations. Between Iconographic Appropriation and Iconographic Development
https://doi.org/10.1484/M.WOP-EB.5.142193
/content/books/10.1484/M.WOP-EB.5.142193
/content/books/10.1484/M.WOP-EB.5.142193

References

  1. Manuscripts and Archival Documents
    Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett, KdZ 641.
  2. ——— KdZ 667.
  3. Brussels, Royal Library of Belgium, MS 9231, fol. 179r.
  4. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, Marlay Cutt. Sp. 2–5.
  5. London, Sotheby’s 11.12.1972, lots 10, 11, 12.
  6. New York, Morgan Library, MS G. 46, single leaf.
  7. ——— MS M 359, fol. 21v.
  8. ——— MS M 359, fol. 26v.
  9. ——— MS M 359, fol. 28r.
  10. ——— MS M 359, fol. 32r.
  11. ——— MS M 399, fol. 351v.
  12. ——— Morgan Library, MS M 359, fol. 22v.
  13. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Syr. 341, fol. 118r.
  14. Toulouse, Municipal Library of Toulouse, MS 140, fol. 98r.
  15. Tours, Municipal Library of Tours, Tours, MS 2104, fol. 121v.
  16. Primary Sources
    Beyers, R. (ed.). 1997. Libri de nativitate Mariae: Libellus de nativitate Sanctae Mariae (Turnhout: Brepols).
  17. Ehrman, B. and Z. Pleše (eds). 2011. The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  18. Gijsel, J. (ed.). 1997. Libri de nativitate Mariae: Pseudo-Matthaei Evangelium (Brepols: Turnhout).
  19. Ryan, W. G. (trans.). 2012. The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  20. Secondary Works
    Andal, A. G. 2021. ‘The Maternal Body as a Space: Examining the Visuality of Marian Pregnancy in Late Medieval Europe’, Open Theology, 7: 256–70.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Arnould, A. and J. M. Massing. 1993. Splendours of Flanders (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  22. Ashley, K. and P. Sheingorn. 1990. ‘Introduction’, in Interpreting Cultural Symbols: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Society, ed. by K. Ashley and P. Sheingorn (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press), pp. 1–68.
  23. Brinkmann, B. 1987. ‘Neues vom Meister der Lürecker Bibel’, Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen, 29/30: 123–61.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Bergamini, L. J. 1989–1990. ‘From Narrative to Icon: The Virgin Mary and the Woman of the Apocalypse in Thirteenth Century English Art and Devotion’, Studies in Iconography, 13: 80–112.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Boespflug, F. and F. Bayle. 2012. Sainte Anne: histoire et représentations (Paris: Éditions du musée du Louvre Artlys).
  26. Cesàreo, M. 2002. ‘Il segreo della maternità’, Art e dossier, 177: 42–48.
  27. Gertsman, E. 2015. Worlds Within: Opening the Medieval Shrine Madonna (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press).
  28. Hamel, C. de. 2017. Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts: Twelve Journeys into the Medieval World (London: Penguin).
  29. Harrold, J. 1997. ‘The Madonna del Parto in Trecento Tuscany: Symbolic Meaning and Ritual Use’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, Queen’s University).
  30. Jouffroy, M. C. 2007. ‘La maternité dans l’iconographie mariale. Les vierges enceintes ou l’allaitement dans l’art chrétien’, Mémoires de l’Académie nationale de Metz, a. 188, sér. 7, t. 20: 217–51.
  31. Lafontaine-Dosogne, J. 1965. Iconographie de l’enfance de la Vierge dans l’empire byzantin et en occident (Brussels: Palais des Académies).
  32. Lechner, G. M. 1981. Maria Gravida: Zum Schwangenschaftsmotiv in der Bildenden Kunst (Munich: Schnell & Steiner).
  33. L’Estrange, E. 2005. ‘Anna Peperit Mariam, Elizabeth Johannem, Maria Christum: Images of Childbirth in Late-Medieval Manuscripts’, in Manuscripts in Transition: Recycling Manuscripts, Texts and Images, ed. by B. Dekeyzer and J. Van der Stock (Leuven: Peeters), pp. 335–46.
  34. Luquet, G.-H. 1924. ‘Représentation par transparence de la grossesse dans l’art chrétien’, Revue archéologique, 5th ser., 19: 137–49.
  35. Nixon, V. 2004. Mary’s Mother: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Europe (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press).
  36. Playoust, C. and E. Bradshaw Aitken. 2009. ‘The Leaping Child. Imagining the Unborn in Early Christian Literature’, in Imagining the Fetus: The Unborn in Myth, Religion, and Culture, ed. by V. R. Sasson and J. M. Law (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 157–84.
  37. Réau, L. 1957. Iconographie de l’art chrétien, ii (Paris: Presses universitaires de France).
  38. Ronchi, E. 2000. ‘Iconografia della Madonna del Parto’, in La Madonna nell’attesta del parto: capolavori del patrimonio del ‘300 e ‘400, ed. by M. A. Molza (Milan: Libri Scheiwiller), pp. 27–33.
  39. Rubin, M. 2009. Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary (London: Penguin).
  40. Sautman, F. 1990. ‘Saint Anne in Folk Tradition. Late Medieval France’, in Interpreting Cultural Symbols: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Society, ed. by K. Ashley and P. Sheingorn (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press), pp. 69–94.
  41. Simi Varanelli, E. 2008. Maria Immacolata: la rappresentazione nel medioevo; et macula non est in te (Rome: De Luca).
  42. Schiller, G. 1980. Ikonographie der christlichen Kunst, iv.2: Maria (Gütersloh: Mohn).
  43. Schine Gold, P. 1985. The Lady and the Virgin: Image, Attitude, and Experience in Twelfth-Century France (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
  44. Trens, M. 1946. Iconografía de la Virgen en el arte español (Madrid: Editorial Plus Ultra).
  45. Velu, A. M. 2012. La Visiation dans l’art: Orient et Occident ve – xvie siècle (Paris: Cerf).
  46. Welsh, J. 2017. The Cult of St Anne in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (London: Routledge).
  47. Westergård, I. 2007. Approaching Sacred Pregnancy: The Cult of the Visitation and Narrative Altarpieces in Late Fifteenth-Century Florence (Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura).

References

  1. Manuscripts and Archival Documents
    Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett, KdZ 641.
  2. ——— KdZ 667.
  3. Brussels, Royal Library of Belgium, MS 9231, fol. 179r.
  4. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, Marlay Cutt. Sp. 2–5.
  5. London, Sotheby’s 11.12.1972, lots 10, 11, 12.
  6. New York, Morgan Library, MS G. 46, single leaf.
  7. ——— MS M 359, fol. 21v.
  8. ——— MS M 359, fol. 26v.
  9. ——— MS M 359, fol. 28r.
  10. ——— MS M 359, fol. 32r.
  11. ——— MS M 399, fol. 351v.
  12. ——— Morgan Library, MS M 359, fol. 22v.
  13. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Syr. 341, fol. 118r.
  14. Toulouse, Municipal Library of Toulouse, MS 140, fol. 98r.
  15. Tours, Municipal Library of Tours, Tours, MS 2104, fol. 121v.
  16. Primary Sources
    Beyers, R. (ed.). 1997. Libri de nativitate Mariae: Libellus de nativitate Sanctae Mariae (Turnhout: Brepols).
  17. Ehrman, B. and Z. Pleše (eds). 2011. The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  18. Gijsel, J. (ed.). 1997. Libri de nativitate Mariae: Pseudo-Matthaei Evangelium (Brepols: Turnhout).
  19. Ryan, W. G. (trans.). 2012. The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  20. Secondary Works
    Andal, A. G. 2021. ‘The Maternal Body as a Space: Examining the Visuality of Marian Pregnancy in Late Medieval Europe’, Open Theology, 7: 256–70.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Arnould, A. and J. M. Massing. 1993. Splendours of Flanders (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  22. Ashley, K. and P. Sheingorn. 1990. ‘Introduction’, in Interpreting Cultural Symbols: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Society, ed. by K. Ashley and P. Sheingorn (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press), pp. 1–68.
  23. Brinkmann, B. 1987. ‘Neues vom Meister der Lürecker Bibel’, Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen, 29/30: 123–61.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Bergamini, L. J. 1989–1990. ‘From Narrative to Icon: The Virgin Mary and the Woman of the Apocalypse in Thirteenth Century English Art and Devotion’, Studies in Iconography, 13: 80–112.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Boespflug, F. and F. Bayle. 2012. Sainte Anne: histoire et représentations (Paris: Éditions du musée du Louvre Artlys).
  26. Cesàreo, M. 2002. ‘Il segreo della maternità’, Art e dossier, 177: 42–48.
  27. Gertsman, E. 2015. Worlds Within: Opening the Medieval Shrine Madonna (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press).
  28. Hamel, C. de. 2017. Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts: Twelve Journeys into the Medieval World (London: Penguin).
  29. Harrold, J. 1997. ‘The Madonna del Parto in Trecento Tuscany: Symbolic Meaning and Ritual Use’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, Queen’s University).
  30. Jouffroy, M. C. 2007. ‘La maternité dans l’iconographie mariale. Les vierges enceintes ou l’allaitement dans l’art chrétien’, Mémoires de l’Académie nationale de Metz, a. 188, sér. 7, t. 20: 217–51.
  31. Lafontaine-Dosogne, J. 1965. Iconographie de l’enfance de la Vierge dans l’empire byzantin et en occident (Brussels: Palais des Académies).
  32. Lechner, G. M. 1981. Maria Gravida: Zum Schwangenschaftsmotiv in der Bildenden Kunst (Munich: Schnell & Steiner).
  33. L’Estrange, E. 2005. ‘Anna Peperit Mariam, Elizabeth Johannem, Maria Christum: Images of Childbirth in Late-Medieval Manuscripts’, in Manuscripts in Transition: Recycling Manuscripts, Texts and Images, ed. by B. Dekeyzer and J. Van der Stock (Leuven: Peeters), pp. 335–46.
  34. Luquet, G.-H. 1924. ‘Représentation par transparence de la grossesse dans l’art chrétien’, Revue archéologique, 5th ser., 19: 137–49.
  35. Nixon, V. 2004. Mary’s Mother: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Europe (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press).
  36. Playoust, C. and E. Bradshaw Aitken. 2009. ‘The Leaping Child. Imagining the Unborn in Early Christian Literature’, in Imagining the Fetus: The Unborn in Myth, Religion, and Culture, ed. by V. R. Sasson and J. M. Law (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 157–84.
  37. Réau, L. 1957. Iconographie de l’art chrétien, ii (Paris: Presses universitaires de France).
  38. Ronchi, E. 2000. ‘Iconografia della Madonna del Parto’, in La Madonna nell’attesta del parto: capolavori del patrimonio del ‘300 e ‘400, ed. by M. A. Molza (Milan: Libri Scheiwiller), pp. 27–33.
  39. Rubin, M. 2009. Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary (London: Penguin).
  40. Sautman, F. 1990. ‘Saint Anne in Folk Tradition. Late Medieval France’, in Interpreting Cultural Symbols: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Society, ed. by K. Ashley and P. Sheingorn (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press), pp. 69–94.
  41. Simi Varanelli, E. 2008. Maria Immacolata: la rappresentazione nel medioevo; et macula non est in te (Rome: De Luca).
  42. Schiller, G. 1980. Ikonographie der christlichen Kunst, iv.2: Maria (Gütersloh: Mohn).
  43. Schine Gold, P. 1985. The Lady and the Virgin: Image, Attitude, and Experience in Twelfth-Century France (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
  44. Trens, M. 1946. Iconografía de la Virgen en el arte español (Madrid: Editorial Plus Ultra).
  45. Velu, A. M. 2012. La Visiation dans l’art: Orient et Occident ve – xvie siècle (Paris: Cerf).
  46. Welsh, J. 2017. The Cult of St Anne in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (London: Routledge).
  47. Westergård, I. 2007. Approaching Sacred Pregnancy: The Cult of the Visitation and Narrative Altarpieces in Late Fifteenth-Century Florence (Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura).

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