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This article aims to enhance the heritage of Guy-Alexis Lobineau, Maurist, contemporary of Jean Mabillon, first provincial historian within the Congregation of Saint-Maur where this genre will become after him one of the axes of scholarly work. Succeeding in 1707 in compiling, writing and publishing the “History of Brittany”, his native province, he installed principles of recourse to sources such as pièces justificatives, “proofs” of past events ; their deciphering, critical analysis and publication with the historical narrative itself ; interest not only in the written word, but also in materials such as tombs, seals and coins. Despite this aspiration for critical impartiality compared to his predecessors-chroniclers, Dom Lobineau was pursued by the great noble families of Rohan whose genealogy he had refuted, but even under this omnipresent influence of the great he chose the historical truth.