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oa Contagion and Pandemics. Plague in Early Modern Medical Thought

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Abstract

Beginning in the mid-fourteenth century, the second pandemic of plague afflicted Europe with regular outbreaks until the eighteenth century. Populations learned to live side-by-side with the disease, whereas physicians and public officials tried to understand the nature and behaviour of the plague in order to save lives and guarantee health. The notion of contagion, which was already developed in ancient sources and whose fields of application are not limited to medicine, was tested in everyday experience. The extreme danger associated with a disease like plague impelled practitioners to create means to protect themselves, but this was also a stimulus for them to meditate on their relation with patients and on their own responsibilities. Following a short historical introduction, I propose to analyse the notion of contagion on the basis of ancient and early modern sources, in order to underline the interaction between medical theory and practice. The social and ethical engagement of the practitioners is visible not only in the public health measures implemented, but also in the evolution of mentalities at the bedsides of plague-afflicted patients.

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Contagion and Pandemics. Plague in Early Modern Medical Thought
https://doi.org/10.1484/M.STPH-EB.5.136409
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Figure 1.
Hartmann Schedel, (Nuremberg: Anton Koberger, 1493), fol. 230v. © Wellcome collection
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Figure 1. Hartmann Schedel, (Nuremberg: Anton Koberger, 1493), fol. 230v. © Wellcome collection
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Figure 2.
Luis Lobera de Avila, (Lutetiae Parisiorum: Georgii Iosse, S. D. [Augsburg : H. Steiner, 1530]), fol. K1r. © Wellcome Collection.
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Image of Figure 2.
Figure 2. Luis Lobera de Avila, (Lutetiae Parisiorum: Georgii Iosse, S. D. [Augsburg : H. Steiner, 1530]), fol. K1r. © Wellcome Collection.
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Figure 3.
Luys Lobera de Avila, Bancket oder Gastmal der Hofe und Edellent (Francfort: Charles Egen, 1563). © Collection BIU Santé Médecine
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10.1484/M.STPH-EB.5.127756/STPH-3009849-part01-chap01-f3.png
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Figure 3. Luys Lobera de Avila, Bancket oder Gastmal der Hofe und Edellent (Francfort: Charles Egen, 1563). © Collection BIU Santé Médecine
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Figure 4.
Johannes de Ketham, (Venetiis: per Johannes et Gregorium de Gregoriis fratres, 1495). © Wellcome Collection
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10.1484/M.STPH-EB.5.127756/STPH-3009849-part01-chap01-f4.png
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Figure 4. Johannes de Ketham, (Venetiis: per Johannes et Gregorium de Gregoriis fratres, 1495). © Wellcome Collection
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Figure 5.
Jean-Jacques Manget, (Genève: chez Philippe Planche, 1721). © Collection BIU Santé Médecine
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10.1484/M.STPH-EB.5.127756/STPH-3009849-part01-chap01-f5.png
Image of Figure 5.
Figure 5. Jean-Jacques Manget, (Genève: chez Philippe Planche, 1721). © Collection BIU Santé Médecine
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Figure 6.
Plague apparatus from a lazaretto in Venice. © Wellcome Collection
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10.1484/M.STPH-EB.5.127756/STPH-3009849-part01-chap01-f6.png
Image of Figure 6.
Figure 6. Plague apparatus from a lazaretto in Venice. © Wellcome Collection
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