The Akchakhan-kala Wall Paintings: New Perspectives on Kingship and Religion in Ancient Chorasmia

References

1. Abdullaev, Rtveladze and Shishkina 1991 Kazim A. Abdullaev, Èduar V. Rtveladze, Galina V. Shishkina (eds). Culture and Art of Ancient Uzbekistan. Exhibition Catalogue, 2 vols (Moscow: Vneshtorgizdat, 1991).
   [Google Scholar]
2. Al’baum 1975 Lazar I. Al’baum. Zhivopis’ Afrasiaba (Tashkent: Fan, 1975).
   [Google Scholar]
3. Alram 1994 Michael Alram. “Daric,” Encyclopaedia Iranica VII/1 (1994), 6–40 (available on-line at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/daric).
   [Google Scholar]
4. Alram 1986 Michael Alram. Nomina Propria Iranica in Nummis. Materialgrundlagen zu den iranischen Personennamen auf antiken Münzen (Iranisches Personnamenbuch 4, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1986).
   [Google Scholar]
5. Aman ur-Rahman and Falk 2011 Aman ur-Rahman and Harry Falk. Seals, Sealings and Tokens from Gandhāra (Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2011).
   [Google Scholar]
6. Amiet 1972 Pierre Amiet. Glyptique susienne (MDP 43, Paris: Geuthner, 1972).
   [Google Scholar]
7. Anderson 2002 Björn Anderson, “Imperial Legacies, Local Identities: References to Achaemenid Persian Iconography on Crenelated Nabataean Tombs,” Ars Orientalis 32 (2002): 163–207.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Barnett 1962 Richard D. Barnett, “Median Art,” Iranica Antiqua 2 (1962): 77–95.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bartholomae 1904 Christian Bartholomae. Altiranisches Wörterbuch (Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1904; reprinted Berlin-NewYork: Walter de Gruyter, 1979).
   [Google Scholar]
10. Belenizki 1980 A. M. Belenizki. Mittelasien. Kunst der Sogden (Leipzig: V.E.B. Seeman, 1980).
    [Google Scholar]
11. Bernard 1976 Paul Bernard, “À propos des bouterolles de fourreaux achéménides,” Revue Archéologique (Études sur les relations entre Grèce et Anatolie offertes à Pierre Demargne) 2 (1976): 227–246.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Bernard and Inagaki 2000 Paul Bernard and Hajime Inagaki, “Un torque achéménide avec une inscription grecque au Musée Miho (Japan),” Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres 4 (2000): 1371–1437.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Bernard and Inagaki 2002 Paul Bernard and Hajime Inagaki, “Un torque achéménide avec une inscription grecque au Musée Miho (Japan),” in Catalogue of Treasures of Ancient Bactria (Shigaraki: Miho Museum, 2002), 207–210.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Betts, Yagodin and Khozhaniyazov 2005 Alison V. G. Betts, Vadim N. Yagodin and Ghairadin Khozhaniyazov, “Arkheologicheskie izyskaniya 2004 goda vv drevnem tashkyrmanskom oazise,” Vestnik Karakalpakskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan (2005): 84–88.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Betts and Yagodin 2007 Alison V. G. Betts and Vadim N. Yagodin. “The Fire Temple at Tash-k’irman-tepe, Chorasmia,” in After Alexander – Central Asia before Islam, ed. Joe Cribb and Georgina Herrmann (“Proceedings of the British Academy” 133, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 435–454.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Betts and Yagodin 2008 Alison V. G. Betts and Vadim N. Yagodin. “Tash-k’irman-tepe Cult Complex: an Hypothesis for the Establishment of Fire Temples in Ancient Chorasmia,” in Art, Architecture and Religion along the Silk Roads, ed. Kenneth Parry (“Silk Road Studies” 12, Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2008), 1–20.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Betts, Yagodin, Helms, Khozhaniyazov, Amirov and Negus-Cleary 2009 Alison V. G. Betts, Vadim N. Yagodin, Svend W. Helms, Ghairadin Khozhaniyazov, Shamil S. Amirov and Michelle Negus-Cleary, “Karakalpak-Australian Excavations in Ancient Chorasmia, 2001–2005: Interim Report on the Fortifications of Kazakl’i-yatkan and Regional Survey,” Iran 47 (2009): 33–35.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Birstein 1975 V. J. Birstein, “On the Technology of Central Asian Wall Paintings: the Problem of Binding Media,” Studies in Conservation 20 (1975): 8–19.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Bīrūnī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, trans and ed. Sachau 1879 Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī. The Chronology of Ancient Nations: An English Version of the Arabic Text of the Athar-ul-bakiya of Albiruni, Or, Vestiges of the Past, Collected and Reduced to Writing by the Author in A.H. 390–1, ad 1000, trans. and ed. C. Edward Sachau (Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain & Ireland: William H. Allen and Co., 1879).
    [Google Scholar]
20. Boardman 2006 John Boardman, “The Oxus Scabbard,” Iran 44 (2006): 115–119.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Boyce 1975 Mary Boyce. A History of Zoroastrianism, I: The Early Period (Leiden /Köln: E.J. Brill, 1975).
    [Google Scholar]
22. Boyce 1983 Mary Boyce, “Ādur Farnbāg,” Encyclopaedia Iranica I/5 (1983), 473–475.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Brite 2006 Elizabeth Brite. Social Processes in the Production of Wall Paintings at Kazakhl’i-yatkan, Uzbekistan (Unpublished Masters Thesis, Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, 2006).
    [Google Scholar]
24. Bussagli 1984 Mario Bussagli. L’arte del Gandhāra (Turin: Utet, 1984).
    [Google Scholar]
25. Callieri 2007 Pierfrancesco Callieri. L’archéologie du Fars à l’époque hellénistique (Paris: Éditions de Boccard, 2007).
    [Google Scholar]
26. Callu 1960 Jean-Pierre Callu. Genius populi Romani (“Bibliothèque de l’École Practique des Hautes Études, sciences historiques et philologiques” 314, Paris: Champion, 1960).
    [Google Scholar]
27. Calmeyer 1993 Peter Calmeyer, “Crown I. In the Median and Achaemenid period,” Encyclopaedia Iranica VI/4 (1993): 407–408 (available on-line at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/crown-i).
    [Google Scholar]
28. Casabonne 1996 Olivier Casabonne, “Presence et influence perses in Cilicie à l’époque achéménide. Iconographie et representations,” Anatolia Antiqua 4 (1996): 121–145.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Casabonne 2000 Olivier Casabonne, ed. Mécanismes et innovations monétaires dans l’Anatolie achéménide. Numismatique et histoire: actes de la table ronde internationale d ‘Istanbul, 22–23 mai 1997, Paris: De Boccard, 2000).
    [Google Scholar]
30. Casabonne 2004 Olivier Casabonne. La Cilicie à l’époque achéménide (Persika 3, Paris: De Boccard, 2004).
    [Google Scholar]
31. Colledge 1976 Malcolm A. R Colledge. The Art of Palmyra (London: Thames and Hudson, 1976).
    [Google Scholar]
32. Cool Root 1979 Margaret Cool Root. The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art (Leiden: Brill, 1979).
    [Google Scholar]
33. Cumont 1926 Frantz Cumont. Fouilles de Doura-Europos (1922–1923) (Paris: P. Geuthner, 1926).
    [Google Scholar]
34. Curtis 2012 John Curtis. The Oxus Treasure (London: The British Museum Press, 2012).
    [Google Scholar]
35. Dalton 1905. O. M. Dalton. The Treasure of the Oxus, with Other Objects from Ancient Persia and India (London: The British Museum Press, 1905).
    [Google Scholar]
36. De Laperouse 1996 Jean-François de Lapérouse 1996, “Torque with a Pectoral Depicting a Battle,” in Ancient Art from the Shumei Family Collection (New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996), 185.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Dieulafoy 1891 Marcel Dieulafoy. L’Acropole de Suse d’après les fouilles exécutées en 1884, 1885, 1886 sous les auspices du musée du Louvre (Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1891).
    [Google Scholar]
38. Duchesne-Guillemin 1962 Jaques Duchesne-Guillemin. La religion de l’Iran ancien, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1962).
    [Google Scholar]
39. Dumézil 1985 George Dumézil 1985, “Le costume de guerre du dernier Darius,” in Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoire Dicata vol. 1, ed. Gherardo Gnoli and Lionello Lanciotti (Rome: IsIAO, 1985), 261–265.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Edwards 1990 Charles M. Edwards, “Tyche in Corinth,” Hesperia 59 (1990): 529–542.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Facenna 1962 Domenico Facenna. Sculptures from the Sacred Area of Butkara I (Swat, Pakistan) II, 2 (Rome: IsIAO Reports and Memoirs, 1962).
    [Google Scholar]
42. Francfort 2011 Henri-Paul Francfort, “Tillya Tépa (Afghanistan). La sépulture d’un roi anonyme de la Bactriane du Ier siècle bc,” Topoi 17 (2011): 277–347.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Francfort 2012 Henri-Paul Francfort. “Tillya Tepe and Its Connection with the Eurasian Steppes,” in Afghanistan: Forging Civilizations along the Silk Road, ed. Joan Aruz and Elisabetta Valtz Fino (New York: Metropolitan Museum, 2012), 88–101.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Garrison 2013 Mark B. Garrison. “Royal Achaemenid Iconography,” in Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, ed. Daniel T. Potts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 566–595.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Garrison 2010 Mark B. Garrison. “Archers at Persepolis: the Emergence of Royal Ideology at the Heart of the Empire,” in The World of Achaemenid Persia. History, Society and Art in Iran and the Ancient Near East, ed. John Curtis and St John Simpson (London: I.B. Tauris, 2010), 337–359.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Garrison and Cool Root 2001 Mark B. Garrison and Margaret Cool Root. Seals on the Persepolis Fortification Tablets, Volume I: Images of Heroic Encounter (Chicago: Oriental Institute, 2001).
    [Google Scholar]
47. Genito 1986 Bruno Genito, “The Medes. A Reassessment of the Available Evidence,” East and West 36/1–3 (1986): 11–81.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Gnoli 1963 Gherardo Gnoli,”The Tyche and the Dioscuri in Ancient Sculptures from the Valley of Swat,” East and West 14 (1963): 29–37.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Gnoli 1980 Gherardo Gnoli. Zoroaster’s Time and Homeland (Naples: Istituto universitario orientale, 1980).
    [Google Scholar]
50. Göktürk 2000 Tevfik Göktürk. “Small Coins from Cilicia and Surroundings,” in Mécanismes et innovations monétaires dans l’Anatolie achéménide. Numismatique et histoire (Actes de la Table Ronde Internationale d’Istanbul, 22– 23 mai 1997), ed. Olivier Casabonne (Paris: De Boccard, 2000), 143–152.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Grenet 1984 Frantz Grenet. Les pratiques funéraires dans l’Asie centrale sédentaire de la conquête grecque à l’islamisation (Paris: Éditions du CNRS, 1984).
    [Google Scholar]
52. Grenet 1986a Frantz Grenet, “L’art zoroastrien en Sogdiane. Études d’iconographie funéraire,” Mesopotamia 21 (1986): 97–131.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Grenet 1986b Frantz Grenet, “Palais ou palais-temple? Remarques sur la publication du monument de Toprak-kala,” Studia Iranica 15 (1986): 123–135.
    [Google Scholar]
54. Grenet, Riboud and Yang 2004 Frantz Grenet, Penelope Riboud, Yang Junkai, “Zoroastrian Scenes on a Newly Discovered Sogdian Tomb in Xi’an, Northern China,” Studia Iranica 33 (2004): 273–284.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Grenet and Khasanov 2009 Frantz Grenet and Mutalib Kh. Khasanov, “The Ossuary from Sangyr-tepe (Southern Sogdiana): Evidence of the Chionite Invasions,” Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology 4 (2009): 69–81.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Gupta 1990 Swarajya Prakash Gupta. Les racines de l’art Indien. Époque de formation de l’art et de l’architecture de l’ Inde maurya et post-maurya (3. et 2. siècles av. J.-C.), trans. Martine Pierre-Pilon (Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1990).
    [Google Scholar]
57. Haerinck and Overlaet 2008 Ernie Haerinck and Bruno Overlaet, “Altar Shrines and Fire Altars? Architectural Representations on Frataraka Coinage,” Iranica Antiqua 43 (2008): 207–233.
    [Google Scholar]
58. Harper 2009 Prudence O. Harper, “From Earth to Heaven: Speculation on the Significance of the Form of the Achaemenid Censer,” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 19 (2005 [2009]): 47–56.
    [Google Scholar]
59. Helms and Yagodin 1997 Svend W. Helms and Vadim N. Yagodin, “Excavations at Kazakl’i-yatkan in the Tash-k’irman Oasis of Ancient Chorasmia: a Preliminary Report,” Iran 35 (1997): 43–65.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Helms, Yagodin, Betts, Khozhaniyazov and Kidd 2001 Svend W. Helms, Vadim N. Yagodin, Alison V. G. Betts, Ghairadin Khozhaniyazov and Fiona J. Kidd, “Five Seasons of Excavations in the Tash-k’irman Oasis of Ancient Chorasmia, 1996–2000. An interim report,” Iran 39 (2001): 119–144.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Helms, Yagodin, Betts, Khozhaniyazov and Negus 2002 Svend W. Helms, Vadim N. Yagodin, Alison V. G. Betts, Ghairadin Khozhaniyazov and Michelle Negus, “The Karakalpak-Australian Excavations in Ancient Chorasmia: the Northern Frontier of the ‘Civilised’ Ancient World,” Ancient Near Eastern Studies 39 (2002): 3–44.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Henkelman 1995/1996 Wouter F. M. Henkelman, “The Royal Achaemenid Crown,” Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran 28 (1995/6): 275–293.
    [Google Scholar]
63. Henning 1951 Walter B. Henning. Zoroaster, Politician or Witch-doctor? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1951).
    [Google Scholar]
64. Humbach 1991 Helmut Humbach. The Gāthās of Zarathushtra I (Heidelberg: Winter, 1991).
    [Google Scholar]
65. Kellens 2011 Jean Kellens, Études avestiques et mazdéennes vol. 4. L’acmé du sacrifice (Paris: Persika 16, 2011).
    [Google Scholar]
66. Kidd 2011 Fiona Kidd, “Complex Connections: Figurative Art from Akchakhan-kala and the Problematic Question of Relations between Khorezm and Parthia,” Topoi 17/1 (2011): 229–276.
    [Google Scholar]
67. Kidd 2012 Fiona Kidd, “The Procession scene at Akchakhan-kala,” Parthica 14 (2012): 69–92.
    [Google Scholar]
68. Kidd, Negus-Cleary, Yagodin, Betts and Baker-Brite 2008 Fiona Kidd, Michelle Negus-Cleary, Vadim N. Yagodin, Alison V. G. Betts and Elizabeth Baker-Brite, “Ancient Chorasmian Mural Art,” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 18 (2008): 69–95.
    [Google Scholar]
69. Kidd and Betts 2010 Fiona J. Kidd and Alison V. G. Betts, “Entre le Fleuve et la Steppe: nouvelles perspectives sur le Khorezm ancien,” Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres (2010): 637–686.
    [Google Scholar]
70. Kidd, Negus-Cleary and Baker-Brite 2012 Fiona Kidd, Michelle Negus-Cleary and Elizabeth Baker-Brite, “Public versus Private: Perspectives on the Communication of Power in Ancient Chorasmia,” in Regimes and Revolutions: Materiality and Authority across Eurasia from the Past and the Present, ed. C. Charles Hartley, G. Bike Yazicioğlu and Adam T. Smith (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 91–121.
    [Google Scholar]
71. Kidd and Baker-Brite 2015 Fiona Kidd and Elizabeth Baker-Brite, “Colour in Context: Status Indicators and Elite Dress in Pre-Islamic Central Asia,” Arts Asiatiques 70 (2015): 33–48
    [Google Scholar]
72. Kirianov 1960A. V. Kirianov. Restavracia arhéologicheskikh predmetov. AN SSSR.
    [Google Scholar]
73. Konuk 2000 Koray Konuk, “Influences et éléments achéménides dans le monnayage de la Carie,” in Mécanismes et innovations monétaires dans l’Anatolie achéménide. Numismatique et histoire: actes de la table ronde internationale d ‘Istanbul, 22–23 mai 1997, ed. Olivier Casabonne (Paris: De Boccard, 2000), 171–183.
    [Google Scholar]
74. Kreyenbroek 1985 Philip G. Kreyenbroek. Sraoša in the Zoroastrian Tradition (Leiden: Brill, 1985).
    [Google Scholar]
75. Lenzen 1960 Victor F. Lenzen. The Triumph of Dionysos on Textiles of Late Antique Egypt (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960).
    [Google Scholar]
76. Litvinskiĭ and Pichikyan 1999 Boris Litvinskiĭ and Igor Pichikyan, “Handles and Ceremonial Scabbards of Greek Swords from the Temple of the Oxus in Northern Bactria,” East and West 41 (1999): 47–104.
    [Google Scholar]
77. Livshits 2003 Vladimir A. Livshits, “Three Silver Bowls from the Isakovka Burial-ground No. 1 with Khwarezmian and Parthian Inscription,” Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 9 (2003): 147–172.
    [Google Scholar]
78. MacKenzie 1988 David N. MacKenzie, “Khwarezmian and Avestan,” East and West 38 (1988): 81–92.
    [Google Scholar]
79. Malandra 2014 William W. Malandra, “Sraoša,” Encyclopaedia Iranica (2014) (http://www.iranicaonline.org).
    [Google Scholar]
80. Markou 2011 Evangéline Markou. L’or des rois de Chypre: numismatique et histoire à l’époque classique (Athens: Centre de Recherches de l’Antiquité Grecque et Romaine, 2011).
    [Google Scholar]
81. Marquart 1901 Joseph Marquart. Ērānšahr nach der Geographie des Ps. Moses Xorenac’i, (Berlin, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1901).
    [Google Scholar]
82. Marshak and Grenet 2006 Boris Marshak and Frantz Grenet, “Une peinture kouchane sur toile,” Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres (2006): 947–963.
    [Google Scholar]
83. Matheson 1994 Susan B. Matheson. “The Goddess Tyche,” in An Obsession with Fortune. Tyche in Greek and Roman Art, ed. Susan B. Matheson (New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1994), 18–33.
    [Google Scholar]
84. Metzler 1994 Dieter Metzler, “Mural Crowns in the Ancient Near East and Greece,” Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin (1994): 76–85.
    [Google Scholar]
85. Meyer 2006 Marion Meyer. Die Personifikation der Stadt Antiocheia, Ein neues Bild für eine neue Gottheit (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2006).
    [Google Scholar]
86. Miller 1997 Margaret Miller. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century bc: A Study in Cultural Receptivity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
    [Google Scholar]
87. Miller 2010 Margaret Miller. “Luxury Toreutic in the Western Satrapies,” in The Achaemenid Court, ed. Bruno Jacobs and Robert Rollinger (Weisbaden: Harassowitz, 2010), 853–897.
    [Google Scholar]
88. Minardi 2013 Michele Minardi, “A Four-Armed Goddess from Ancient Chorasmia: History, Iconography and Style of an Ancient Chorasmian Icon,” Iran LI (2013): 111–143.
    [Google Scholar]
89. Minardi 2015 Michele Minardi. Ancient Chorasmia. A Polity between the Semi-Nomadic and Sedentary Cultural Areas of Central Asia. Cultural Interactions and Local Developments from the Sixth Century bc to the First Century ad (Acta Iranica 56, Leuven: Peeters, 2015).
    [Google Scholar]
90. Minardi 2016 Michele Minardi, “The Hellenistic Chorasmian ketos of Akchakhan-kala,” Iranica Antiqua LI (2016): 165–200. Minardi and Betts (forthcoming)
    [Google Scholar]
91. Minardi et al.. forthcoming Michele Minardi, Alison V.G. Betts and Ghairatdin Khozhaniyazov, “Columned Halls in Ancient Chorasmia,” Iran LIV.
    [Google Scholar]
92. Minardi and Khozhaniyazov 2015 Michele Minardi and Gairatdin Khozhaniyazov, “The Central Monument of Akshakhan-kala: Fire Temple, Image Shrine, or Neither?” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 25 (2015): 121–146.
    [Google Scholar]
93. Mode 1995 Markus Mode, ”Some notes on the sword of Kanishka,” in South Asian Archaeology 1995. Proceedings of the 13^th Conference of the European Association of South Asian Archaeologists, Cambridge 5–9 July 1995, ed. R. Allchin and B. Allchin (New Delhi, Calcutta 1997, vol. 2), 543–556.
    [Google Scholar]
94. Moorey 1985 Roger Moorey. “The Iranian Contribution to Achaemenid Material Culture,” Iran XXIII (1985): 21–37.
    [Google Scholar]
95. Moorman 2011 Eric M. Moorman. Divine Interiors. Mural Paintings in Greek and Roman Sanctuaries (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2011).
    [Google Scholar]
96. Muscarella 1987 Oscar W. Muscarella, “Median Art and Medizing Scholarship,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 46/2 (1987): 109–127.
    [Google Scholar]
97. Nickel 1973 Helmut Nickel, “About the Sword of the Huns and the ‘Urepos’ of the Steppes,” The Metropolitan Museum Journal 7 (1973): 131–142.
    [Google Scholar]
98. Nimchuk 2002 Cindy L. Nimchuk, “The ‘Archers’ of Darius: Coinage or Tokens of Royal Esteem?” Ars Orientalis 32 (2002): 55–79.
    [Google Scholar]
99. Olson 1991 S. Douglas Olson, “Firewood and Charcoal in Classical Athens,” Hesperia 60/3 (1991): 411–420.
    [Google Scholar]
100. Palagia 1994 Olga Palagia, “Tyche at Sparta,” Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin, An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art (1994): 64–75.
     [Google Scholar]
101. Papageorgiou 1997 Paris Papageorgiou. To teichomorpho stemma stē technē tēs mesēs Anatolikēs kai tēs archaias Helladas wōn to telos tēs Hellēnikēs epochēs (PhD thesis Thessalonikē, Aristoteleion Panepistēmion, 1997).
     [Google Scholar]
102. Peck 1969 Elsie H. Peck, “The Representation of Costumes in the Reliefs of Taq-i-Bustan,” Artibus Asiae XXXI/2–3 (1969): 101–146.
     [Google Scholar]
103. Peters 1996 B. G. Peters, “Izobrazhenie korablia na bulle iz Kara-tepe,” in Boris Ia Staviskiǐ, ed., Buddiiskie kompleksy Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1978– 1989 gg. (Moskva: Izd. “Vostochnaia literature,” 1996): 213–219.
     [Google Scholar]
104. Pfrommer 1998 Michael Pfrommer. Untersuchungen zur Chronologie und Komposition des Alexandermosaiks auf antiquarischer Grundlage (Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1998).
     [Google Scholar]
105. Potts 2007 Daniel T. Potts, “Foundation Houses, Fire Altars and the Frataraka: Interpreting the Iconography of Some Post-Achaemenian Coins,” Iranica Antiqua XLII (2007): 271–300.
     [Google Scholar]
106. Potts 2014 Daniel T. Potts. Nomadism in Iran. From Antiquity to the Modern Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014).
     [Google Scholar]
107. Pugachenkova 1978 Galina A. Pugachenkova. Les tresors de Dalverzin-tepe, (Leningrad: Éditions d’art Aurore, 1978).
     [Google Scholar]
108. Pugachenkova 1979 Galina A. Pugachenkova. Iskusstvo Baktrii epokhi Kushan (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1979).
     [Google Scholar]
109. Pugachenkova and Rempel 1965 Galina A. Pugachenkova and Lazar I. Rempel. Istoriya iskusstv Uzbekistana s drevneyshikh vremen do serediny devyatnadtsatogo veka (Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1965).
     [Google Scholar]
110. Pugachenkova and Rtveladze 1978 Galina A. Pugachenkova and Èduard V. Rtveladze. Dal’verzintepe. Kushanskii gorod na yuge Uzbekistana (Tashkent: Fan, 1978).
     [Google Scholar]
111. Rapoport 1971 Yuri A. Rapoport. Iz istorii religii Drevnego Khorezma (ossuarii) (Trudy Khorezmskoi Arkheologo-Étnograficheskoĭ Ékspeditsii AN SSSR VI, Moscow: Nauka, 1971).
     [Google Scholar]
112. Rapoport 1994 Yuri A. Rapoport, “The Palaces of Topraq-Qal’a,” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 8 (1994): 161–185.
     [Google Scholar]
113. Rapoport and Nerazik 1984 Yuri A. Rapoport and Elena E. Nerazik. Toprak-Kala. Dvorets(Trudy Khorezmskoi Arkheologo-Étnograficheskoĭ Ékspeditsii AN SSSR XIV, Moscow: Nauka, 1984).
     [Google Scholar]
114. Riboud 2012 Penélope Riboud, “Bird-priests in Central Asian Tombs of 6^th-century China and Their Significance in the Funerary Realm,” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 21 (2007[2012]): 1–23.
     [Google Scholar]
115. Roaf 1983 Michael Roaf, “Sculptures and Sculptors at Persepolis,” Iran XXI (1983): 1–164.
     [Google Scholar]
116. Roaf 2010 Michael Roaf, “The Role of the Medes in the Architecture of the Achaemenids,” in The World of Achaemenid Persia. History, Society and Art in Iran and the Ancient Near East, ed. John Curtis and St John Simpson (London: I.B.Tauris, 2010), 337–359.
     [Google Scholar]
117. Rogge and Zachariou-Kaila 2014 Sabine Rogge and Eftychia Zachariou-Kaila, “Large and Well Fortified: A Colossal Female Head with a Mural Crown in Berlin,” in Cypriote Antiquities in Berlin in the Focus of New Research – Conference in Berlin, 8 May 2013, ed.Vassos Karageorghis, Elena Poyiadji-Richter and Sabine Rogge (Münster: Waxmann Verlag, 2014), 193–242.
     [Google Scholar]
118. Rose 2013 C. Brian Rose. The Archaeology of Greek and Roman Troy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
     [Google Scholar]
119. Rosenfield 1967 John M. Rosenfield. The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967).
     [Google Scholar]
120. Rossi 1994 Adriano Rossi. “Perception et symbologie des coleurs dans le monde Iranien et d’Asie central,” Convegno Internazionale sul Tema: la Persia e l’Asia centrale da Alessandro al X secolo (Rome: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 1, 1994), 87–97.
     [Google Scholar]
121. Rtveladze 2012 Édvard V. Rtveladze. Velikii indiiskii put’. Iz istorii vazhneishikh torgovikh dorog Evrazii (St Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2012).
     [Google Scholar]
122. Rudenko 1970 Sergei I. Rudenko. The Pazyryk Burials of Iron-Age Horsemen (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970).
     [Google Scholar]
123. Sarianidi 1985 Victor Sarianidi. The Golden Hoard of Bactria: From the Tillya-tepe Excavations in Northern Afghanistan (New York: Abrams; Leningrad: Aurora, 1985).
     [Google Scholar]
124. Sarkhosh Curtis 2010 Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, “The Frataraka Coins of Persis: Bridging the Gap between Achaemenid and Sasanian Persia,” in The World of Achaemenid Persia. History, Society and Art in Iran and the Ancient Near East, ed. John Curtis and St John Simpson (London: I. B.Tauris, 2010), 379–398.
     [Google Scholar]
125. Schiltz 1994 Veronique Schiltz. Les Scythes et les nomades des steppes (Paris: Gallimard, 1994).
     [Google Scholar]
126. Schlerath 1968 Bernfried Schlerath. Awesta-Wörterbuch. Vorarbeiten II. Konkordanz (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1968).
     [Google Scholar]
127. Schmidt 1953 Erich F. Schmidt. Persepolis I. Structures. Reliefs. Inscriptions (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1953).
     [Google Scholar]
128. Schmidt 1970 Erich F. Schmidt. Persepolis III. The Royal Tombs and Other Monuments (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970).
     [Google Scholar]
129. Seipel 1996 Wilfried Seipel, ed. Weihrauch und Seide. Alte Kulturen der Seidenstraße. Eine Ausstellung des Kunsthistorischen Museums in Zusammenarbeit mit der Staatlichen Eremitage in St. Petersburg; Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, 21. Jänner bis 14. April 1996 (Milan: Skira, 1996).
     [Google Scholar]
130. Sellwood 1980 David Sellwood. An Introduction to the Coinage of Parthia (London: Spink, 1980).
     [Google Scholar]
131. Sevinç, Korpe, Tombul, Rose, Strahan, Kiesewetter and Wallrodt 2001 Nurten Sevinç, Reyhan Körpe, Musa Tombul, Charles Brian Rose, Donna Strahan, Henrike Kiesewetter, and John Wallrodt, “A New Painted Graeco-Persian Sarcophagus from Ç,” Studia Troica 11 (2001): 383–420.
     [Google Scholar]
132. Shenkar 2014 Michael Shenkar. Intangible Spirits and Graven Images: the Iconography of Deities in the Pre-Islamic Iranian World (Leiden: Brill, 2014).
     [Google Scholar]
133. Skjaervø 2011 Prods O. Skjaervø, review of Rüdiger Schmitt, Die altpersischen Inschriften der Achaimeniden, Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 106 (2011): 325–328.
     [Google Scholar]
134. Snesarev 1960 Gleb P. Snesarev, “Obriad zhertvoprinosheniia vode u Uzbekov Khorezma, geneticheski sviazannyi s drevnim kul’tom plodorodiia,” in Materialy Khorezmskoi èkspeditsii, 4, ed.Sergei P. Tolstov and Marianna A. Itina (Moscow: Nauka, 1960), 198–202.
     [Google Scholar]
135. Snesarev 1973 Gleb P. Snesarev. Pod nebom Khorezma (Moscow: Nauka, 1973).
     [Google Scholar]
136. Stark 2012 Sören Stark, “Nomads and Networks: Elites and Their Connections to the Outside World,” in Nomads and Networks. The Ancient Art and Culture of Kazakhstan (exhibition catalogue), ed. Sören Stark and Karen S. Rubinson (Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2012), 107–138.
     [Google Scholar]
137. Stronach 2001 David Stronach, “On the Date of the Oxus Gold Scabbard and Other Achaemenid Matters,” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 12 (2001): 231–248.
     [Google Scholar]
138. Stronach 2011 David Stronach, “Court Dress and Riding Dress at Persepolis: New Approaches to Old Questions,” in Elam and Persia, ed. Javier Álvarez-Mon and Mark B. Garrison (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns), 475–487.
     [Google Scholar]
139. Stuart Baker 1921 Edward Stuart Baker. Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon, 2 (London: The Bombay Natural History Society, 1921).
     [Google Scholar]
140. Tanabe 1983 Katsumi Tanabe, “Iconography of the Royal-Hunt Bas-Reliefs at Taq-i Bustan,” Orient (Tokyo) 19 (1983): 103–116.
     [Google Scholar]
141. Tanabe 1986 Katsumi Tanabe. Sculptures of Palmyra (Tokyo, 1986).
     [Google Scholar]
142. Thompson 1965 Georgina Thompson, “Iranian Dress in the Achaemenian Period: Problems Concerning the Kandys and Other Garments,” Iran III (1965): 121–126.
     [Google Scholar]
143. Tilia 1972 Ann B. Tilia. Studies and Restorations at Persepolis and Other Sites of Fars. Part 1 (Rome: IsMEO, 1972).
     [Google Scholar]
144. Tilia 1978 Ann B. Tilia. Studies and Restorations at Persepolis and Other Sites of Fars. Part 2 (Rome: IsMEO, 1978).
     [Google Scholar]
145. Tolman 1908 Herbert Cushing Tolman, trans. The Behistan Inscription of King Darius. (Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University, 1908). http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Persia/Behistun_txt.html
     [Google Scholar]
146. Tolstov 1948a Sergei P. Tolstov. Drevniy Khorezm (Moscow: Nauka, 1948).
     [Google Scholar]
147. Tolstov 1948b Sergei P. Tolstov. Po sledam drevnekhorezmiyskoy tsivilizatsii (Moscow: Nauka, 1948b).
     [Google Scholar]
148. Tolstov 1962 Sergei P. Tolstov. Po drevnim deltam Oksa i Yaksarta (Moscow: Nauka, 1962).
     [Google Scholar]
149. Travaglini 2011 Adriana Travaglini, ed. Museo di Izmir. III. Monete greche, (Milan: Edizioni Ennerre, 2011).
     [Google Scholar]
150. Vainberg 1977 Bėlla I. Vaĭnberg. Monety drevnego Khorezma (Moscow: Nauka, 1977).
     [Google Scholar]
151. Vainberg 2004 Bella I. Vainberg, ed. Kalaly-gyr 2. Kul’tovyi tsentr v Drevnem Khorezme IV-II vv. do n.è. (Moskva: Vostochnaia literatura, 2004).
     [Google Scholar]
152. Von Gall 1974 Hubertus von Gall, “Die Kopfbedeckung des persischen Ornats bei den Achämeniden,” Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran 7 (1974): 145–161.
     [Google Scholar]
153. Wobst 1977 Martin H. Wobst. “Stylistic Behavior and Information Exchange,” in Papers for the Director: Research Essays in Honor of B. Griffin, ed.C. E. Cleland (Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan 61, 1977), 317–332.
     [Google Scholar]
154. Yagodin et al.. 2009, Amirov, Yagodin and Fray 2009 Vadim. N. Yagodin, Alison. V. G. Betts, Fiona J. Kidd, Elizabeth Baker Brite, Ghairadin Khozhaniyazov, Shamil S. Amirov, Vadim. V. Yagodin and Geraldine Fray, “Karakalpak-Australian Excavations in Ancient Chorasmia. An Interim Report on the Kazakly-yatkan Wall Paintings: the Portrait Gallery,” Journal of Asian Art and Archaeology 4 (2009): 7–42.
     [Google Scholar]