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A global overview on philology (in the broadest sense) as a discipline is charted, describing its chronological and geographical extension, from its modern foundation in 19th century Germany to the less diffusely known achievements within Hellenistic scholarship, the Rabbinical context, among Indian, Chinese and Japanese commentators, and Persian editors, in order to outline the physiognomy of this discipline as an essential component of human understanding and the characteristics it should acquire in the 21st-century disciplinary order.