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This article presents an analysis of two Old Norse translations of vision literature, Duggals leizla and Gundelinus leizla, and the way in which they represent friendship. I argue that these texts demonstrate the continued importance of elite male friendship during the end of Iceland’s Commonwealth period and the transition to Norwegian rule. Supporting my claims are a discussion of the similarities, differences, and overlap between political and spiritual relationships, the growth of the Church and monastic culture in Iceland, as well as its challenges, and the emotions and beliefs reflected in these visions’ portrayal of punishment and reward.
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