Iberian peninsula (up to c. 500)
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The Many Faces of the Lady of Elche
Essays on the Reception of an Iberian Sculpture
On 4 August 1897 farm workers in Elche — the site of ancient Ilici — discovered an Iberian sculpture of a woman that dated from the fifth– fourth centuries BCE. French archaeologist Pierre Paris dubbed this figure ‘the Lady of Elche’ and promptly purchased the sculpture on behalf of the Louvre Museum. There she drew the attention of European scholars who were intrigued by her stylistic features finally concluding that she bore witness to the existence of a specifically Iberian art. Since her discovery the Lady of Elche has been a source of fascination not only for scholars but also for artists and she has become an icon of regional and national identity across Spain. This volume co-written by an archaeologist and an anthropologist and translated here into English for the first time seeks to explore the importance of the Lady of Elche both for students of the past and for the peoples of Iberia. The authors here explore not only what we know — and still do not know — about her creation but also engage with key questions about what she represents for the men and women of our time who have questioned manipulated admired loved and often reinvented the singular beauty of this iconic figure.
Stéphane de Byzance
Les Ethniques comme source historique: l’exemple de l’Europe occidentale
Le lexique géographique du grammairien byzantin Stéphane de Byzance les Ethniques est une œuvre à l’origine monumentale. Ce lexique contenait de nombreuses mentions d’auteurs disparus se rapportant à des toponymes du monde antique connu des Grecs et des Romains. À l’intérieur de ce lexique nous avons choisi d’étudier plus spécialement ceux situés en Europe occidentale (péninsule ibérique Gaule Germanie et Bretagne antiques) en lien avec les sites archéologiques connus s’y rapportant. L’ouvrage ayant été abrégé à plusieurs reprises au cours du Moyen Âge la confrontation de l’ensemble des notices a permis de proposer de nouvelles attributions d’auteurs antiques leur nom et leur citation ayant très souvent disparu des manuscrits conservés. Par ailleurs l’analyse précise de la transmission de l’œuvre apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les moments où ce grammairien a été lu et utilisé du VIe s. jusqu’à sa redécouverte à la fin du XVe s. La structure même du lexique permet de revenir sur la lexicographie antique et médiévale et d’envisager les apports à la fois des grammairiens et des auteurs antiques (pour la plupart géographes et historiens) qui étaient cités. Enfin le cadre géographique choisi permet d’explorer les autres textes antiques ainsi que les données archéologiques depuis l’époque grecque archaïque jusqu’à la fin de l’Empire romain. Nous avons inclus dans ce travail une analyse et une traduction de l’Ora maritima d’Aviénus afin de compléter l’étude de la péninsule ibérique et du Midi de la Gaule.
Religious Dynamics in a Microcontinent
Cult Places, Identities, and Cultural Change in Hispania
The Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula a land already inhabited by peoples who were characterized by cultural ethnic and social diversity was one of the longest and most complex colonial processes to have occurred in the Roman world. Different political entities saw integration and interaction taking place at different speeds and via different mechanisms and these differences had a profound impact on the development of religious dynamics and cultural change across the peninsula.
This edited volume draws together contributions from a number of experts in the field in order to deepen our understanding of religious phenomena in Hispania - in particular cult rituals mechanisms and spaces - and in doing so to offer new insights into processes of cultural and social change and the impact of conquest and colonialism. The chapters gathered here identify how forms of religious interaction occurred at different levels and scales and explore the ways in which religion and religious practices underpinned the construction development and renegotiation of different identities. Through this approach they shed important light on the crucial role of cultic practices in defining cultural and social identity as Iberia’s provincial communities were drawn into the Roman world.