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1882
Volume 15, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1846-8551
  • E-ISSN: 2507-041X

Abstract

Abstract

The Russian Orthodox iconography of ancient philosophers and thinkers has long attracted Western and Russian researchers. Greek and Roman philosophers depicted in Russian churches and in other visual sources have almost nothing in common with real historical philosophers: their images were based on Byzantine Apocrypha, in which philosophers were presented as righteous pagans, proclaiming the coming of Christ long before his birth. The author introduces for the first time three new sources, two of which - tempera paintings from the 18th century with Hermes and Aphrodite, and frescoes from the 17th century carved from the walls of the Moscow Novospassky monastery with images of Aristotle, Solon, Plutarch, and Anacharsis - are kept in the State Historical Museum in Moscow, and another illustrated 17th-century collection of aphorisms of the Hellenic sages named , is in the collections of the Russian National Library in St Petersburg. The author establishes a typology of all the ancient philosophers (as they were called in sources) found in Russian Orthodox iconography, dividing them into four groups: historical philosophers, historical intellectuals, sibyls, and gods. Thereafter, the text analyses the meaning of visual markers of Otherness that are present in all samples of the studied array of iconography. It is assumed that the meaning of such visual markers was that they showed the viewer the Hellenic sages as the Other. Ancient philosophers and intellectuals were presented as pagans from the East, since it was necessary to visually separate them from the real saints recognized by the Orthodox Church. Even though all of them were credited with prophecies about the rise of Christianity, the primary role of the above attributes was the visual differentiation of pagan philosophers from Orthodox saints.

Abstract

Ruska pravoslavna ikonografija antičkih filozofa i mislilaca dugo je u fokusu zanimanja zapadnih i ruskih istraživača. Grčki i rimski filozofi prikazani u slikama u ruskim crkvama i drugim vizualnim medijima nemaju gotovo ništa zajedničko sa stvarnim povijesnim filozofima: njihovi su se prikazi temeljili na bizantskim apokrifima, u kojima su filozofi bili predstavljeni kao pravedni pogani, naviještajući Kristov dolazak mnogo prije njegova rođenja. Autor u ovome radu uvodi tri nova izvora za istraživanje teme: slike u temperi iz 18. stoljeća s prikazima Hermesa i Afrodite, te freske iz 17. stoljeća skinute sa zidova moskovskog Novospaskog samostana s prikazima Aristotela, Solona, Plutarha i Anarhasisa, čuvaju se u Državnom povijesnom muzeju u Moskvi, dok se jedna ilustrirana zbirka aforizama helenskih mudraca iz 17. stoljeća () nalazi u zbirci Ruske nacionalne knjižnice u Sankt Peterburgu. Autor u tekstu uspostavlja tipologiju antičkih filozofa (kako su ih nazivali u izvorima) koji se nalaze u ruskoj pravoslavnoj ikonografiji, dijeleći ih u četiri skupine: povijesni filozofi, povijesni mislioci, sibile i božanstva. Potom se u tekstu analizira značenje vizualnih oznaka Drugosti u primjerima proučavanog ikonografskoga niza. Pretpostavlja se da su ovi vizualni markeri gledatelju prikazivali helenske mudrace kao Druge. Antički filozofi i mislioci predstavljeni su kao pogani s Istoka, jer ih je bilo potrebno vizualno odvojiti od pravih svetaca prihvaćenih od Pravoslavne Crkve. Iako se svima njima priznaje zasluga u proricanju uspona kršćanstva, primarna je uloga korištenih atributa bila vizualna diferencijacija poganskih filozofa od pravoslavnih svetaca.

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/content/journals/10.1484/J.IKON.5.132354
2022-01-01
2025-12-04

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  • Article Type: Research Article
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