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1882
Volume 15, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1846-8551
  • E-ISSN: 2507-041X

Abstract

Abstract

The figure of St James riding his white horse and conquering the enemy is found throughout the Hispano-American world. While the image originated in Compostela (Galicia) in the 13th century to celebrate the victory of Christ’s apostle over the Muslims, in the 16th century it migrated to America to defeat the Christian faith’s new enemy: the indigenous Americans. This equestrian figure of a hero crushing the enemy underfoot would be what Aby Warburg referred to as a - an effective, efficient figure that visually embodies the emotional charge of a time period and is part of a cultural strategy. The horseback rider is a triumphant hero who embodies the possibility of salvation for a culture that feels threatened with extinction. A fierce, white horse tramples the enemy underfoot. This enemy represents Otherness, which is a threat to the system’s stability. The conquest of America brought with it a new enemy, which embodied religious and cultural Otherness, a new enemy whose beliefs and ‘idolatry’ needed to be destroyed, a new enemy to be crushed by St James’ fierce horse: the indigenous Americans. With regard to the conquest of the American territory’s visual strategy, images that portrayed the Moor as an enemy continued to be produced, turning this iconography into a demonstration of the overall victory of the Christian religion over other belief systems. The simultaneously emerging iconography depicted a defeated indigenous American and a victorious St James the Moor-slayer. The formula has proven to be successful, as new uses have arisen lately.

Abstract

Lik svetoga Jakova koji na bijelome konju pobjeđuje neprijatelja nalazimo u cijelom hispanoameričkom svijetu. Ova je ikonografija nastala u Composteli (Galicija) u 13. stoljeću kako bi prikazala pobjedu Kristova apostola nad muslimanima, a u 16. stoljeću migrirala je u Ameriku kako bi porazila novog neprijatelja kršćanske vjere - domorodačko stanovništvo. Ova konjanička figura heroja koji slama neprijatelja pod nogama predstavlja ono što je Aby Warburg nazvao - učinkovit prikaz koji vizualno prenosi emocionalni naboj nekog vremenskog razdoblja i dio je kulturne strategije. Jahač je pobjednički heroj koji utjelovljuje mogućnost spasa za kulturu kojoj prijeti izumiranje. Žestoki, bijeli konj gazi neprijatelja koji jest Drugost, koja predstavlja prijetnju stabilnosti sustava. Osvajanje Amerike donijelo je novog neprijatelja - autohtone Amerikance - koji je utjelovio vjersku i kulturnu Drugost i čija su uvjerenja i „idolopoklonstvo” trebali biti uništeni, neprijatelja kojega je slomio žestoki konj Svetog Jakova. U okviru vizualne strategije osvajanja američkog teritorija, stvaraju se prikazi koji portretiraju „Maure“ kao neprijatelja, pretvarajući ovu ikonografiju u demonstraciju potpune pobjede kršćanske religije nad drugim sustavima vjerovanja. Ta je nova ikonografija prikazivala poraženog domorodačkog Indijanca i pobjedničkog svetog Jakova-Ubojicu Maura te se pokazala kao uspješna formula, o čemu svjedoče suvremene inačice nastale u posljednje vrijeme.

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/content/journals/10.1484/J.IKON.5.132365
2022-01-01
2025-12-06

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  • Article Type: Research Article
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