'So it was abowte iiii^c yeres agoo': Retrospection in the Art and Architecture of the Cistercians in Northern England in the Late Middle Ages

This paper discusses evidence for retrospection in the art and architecture of the Cistercians in northern England in the late Middle Ages. The retrospection encountered at these monasteries includes the deliberate use of archaic forms of ornament, an ‘antiquarian’ interest in benefactors, and investment in art and architecture that affirmed the Order’s association with the religious traditions of the region. This evidence is discussed within the context of challenges to the historic privileges of the Order.