Revue Bénédictine

Abstract

A case-study in Augustinian chronology, this article seeks to lay out, in full, the evidence for the dating of the last five books of De ciuitate dei. Modern chronologieshave proceeded backwards from the writing of Retractationes by 427 and forwards from the manifestly erroneous chronological data given in De ciuitate dei 18.54, which places it ‘about thirty years’ after March 399. While the resulting dates are broadly correct, this reasoning overlooks an important set of homiletic data. Following a now-neglected argument, the Maurists and Tillemont derived a date from De ciuitate dei 22.8 and a series of sermons (320–323) connected to the cult of St. Stephen. Supplemented with information provided in S. 355–356 and 319 and buttressed by new manuscript readings, that argument remains valid. Except perhaps for a portion of book 22, De ciuitate dei will have finished either by summer of 423 or by summer of 426, before Augustine’s semi-retirement that September. Per the later (and usual) dating, book 18 will belong in 423 or 424, which makes its vague chronology and omission of the (otherwise apropos) destruction of the temple of Caelestis in 421 especially problematic. The article therefore suggests four ways of explaining the oddities surrounding book 18: Augustine’s authorial choice, a shorter chronology (split in two due to uncertainty over Paschal dates), and a hiatus in composition ca. 421.

Abstract

Cet article offre une étude complète des sources bibliques et patristiques du Commentaire sur l’Exode dans les Quaestiones in Vetus Testamentum (CPL 1195) d’Isidore de Séville, composé vers 612-615. L’auteur se sert surtout des commentaires bibliques d’Origène dans les traductions latines de Rufin d’Aquilée. Mais il utilise aussi abondamment le Contra Faustum manichaeum et les Enarrationes in Psalmos d’Augustin, les Moralia in Iob de Grégoire le Grand et les Epistulae 64 et 78 de Jérôme. En outre, certaines expressions du Sévillan pourraient avoir été empruntées à des œuvres comme l’Epistula ad Iustinianum domesticorum comitem a. 519 du pape Hormisdas ou l’Epistula paschalis a. 401 de Théophile d’Alexandrie, dont aucun parallèle n’avait été relevé jusqu’à présent dans la littérature hispano-wisigothique. On y trouve également des expressions et des idées qu’on peut lire dans d’autres écrits d’Isidore, comme les autres commentaires bibliques qui composent les Quaestiones in Vetus Testamentum, les Sententiae, le De fide catholica contra Iudaeos, le De ecclesiasticis officiis, les Etymologiae, les Allegoriae quaedam S. Scripturae ou le Liber numerorum.

Abstract

This article offers a comprehensive study of the biblical and patristic sources of the Commentary on Exodus in the Quaestiones in Vetus Testamentum (CPL 1195) by Isidore of Seville, composed around 612-615. The author uses mainly the biblical commentaries of Origen in the Latin translations of Rufinus of Aquileia. But he also makes extensive use of Augustine’s Contra Faustum manichaeum and Enarrationes in Psalmos, Gregory the Great’s Moralia in Iob and Jerome’s Epistulae 64 and 78. In addition, some of the Sevillian’s expressions could have been borrowed from works such as the Epistula ad Iustinianum domesticorum comitem a. 519 of Pope Hormisdas or the Epistula paschalis a. 401 of Theophilus of Alexandria, of which no parallel had been found until now in the Hispano-

Visigothic literature. Furhtermore, some expressions and ideas can be read in other writings of Isidore, such as the other biblical commentaries of the Quaestiones in Vetus Testamentum, the Sententiae, the De fide catholica contra Iudaeos, the De ecclesiasticis officiis, the Etymologiae, the Allegoriae quaedam S. Scripturae or the Liber numerorum.

Abstract

La critique suppose généralement que l'utilisation par Isidore de Séville des Homiliae in Evangelia de Grégoire le Grand est douteuse; cependant, certains parallèles ont parfois été proposés. Dans cet article, j'étudie tous ces parallèles ensemble. Alors que beaucoup d'entre eux peuvent être rejetés comme des sources directes, il est fort probable qu'Isidore ait utilisé les Homiliae in Evangelia, même lors de la rédaction des Sententiae.

Abstract

Critics generally assume that Isidore de Seville's use of Gregory the Great’s Homiliae in Evangelia is dubious; however, some parallels have sometimes been proposed. In this article I study all these parallels together. While many of these can be dismissed as direct sources, it is very likely that Isidore used of the Homiliae in Evangelia, even when writing the Sententiae.

Abstract

A litany of divine epithets in the Old English Vercelli Homily XXI has a previously unrecognized source in Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel’s Expositio in Regulam S. Benedicti. Smaragdus’s litany in turn has a previously unrecognized partial source in the Carolingian Laudes regiae, from which Smaragdus drew multiple epithets. The form of the litanies in all three texts (representative clauses are ‘he is ure strengð’ / ‘Christus fortitudo nostra’ / ‘Fortitudo nostra. Christus uincit’) echoes what has been called the ‘litany of possessives’ common in devotional treatises and private prayers. The use in Vercelli XXI of Smaragdus’s commentary on the Rule of Benedict suggests that the common author of Vercelli Homilies XIX-XXI was a Benedictine monk active during the early years of the Benedictine Reform movement in England (beginning in the 960s), not long before the Vercelli Book itself was compiled (probably before 975). This conclusion is not incompatible with previous arguments that certain other homilies in the Vercelli Book may have been composed by or for secular clergy, since the homilies derive from multiple exemplars of varying dates, some of which undoubtedly pre-dated the Benedictine Reform.

Abstract

The Royal Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid) possesses a breviary written at the beginning of the twelfth century and which has not attracted the attention of researchers. Its principal value lies in the fact that it is one of the oldest known examples of this type made on the Iberian peninsula. This article proposes both a codicological description and a description of the textual content with a view to demonstrating its monastic attribution, as well as offering a re-ordering of the fascicules which have been re-arranged in their current, seventeenth-century, binding. Finally, some elements are compared with other monastic sources, both peninsular and French, that allow us to hypothesise its origin in the Pyrenean monastery of San Juan de la Peña (Huesca).

Abstract

La Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid) conserva un ejemplar de breviarium escrito a principios del siglo XII que no ha llamado la atención de los investigadores. Su principal valor reside en ser uno de los testimonios más antiguos de esa tipología libraria que conocemos de factura ibérica. En este artículo se propone una descripción codicológica y del contenido textual con vistas a demostrar su adscripción monástica, ofreciendo además una reordenación de los fascículos, muy trastocados en su encuadernación actual, que data del siglo XVII. Por último, se comparan algunos elementos con otras fuentes monásticas peninsulares y francesas que permiten plantear la hipótesis de su origen en el monasterio pirenaico de San Juan de la Peña (Huesca).

Abstract

This text deals, for the first time, with the architectural commissions of the Benedictine monk Atto during the thirty years in which the religious was first prior general of the Vallombrosans (1125-1133) and then bishop of Pistoia (1133-1153). The first part analyses in particular the churches in Tuscany, Liguria, Lombardy, Piedmont, and Sardinia (i.e.: Santa Maria di Montepiano, San Michele di Plaiano and San Michele di Salvenero, San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno in Pisa and others). Before 1140 Atto obtained a relic of Saint James the Greater from Santiago de Compostela, which in 1145 was placed in a chapel in the first two bays of the southern nave of the Cathedral of San Zeno in Pistoia: the attractiveness of the relic of Saint James inserted the city into an international dimension from an artistic and architectural point of view, making Atto a protagonist of the extraordinary building season of the European Romanesque. This initiative, indeed, brought important artists to Pistoia, who worked in the churches of San Giovanni Fuorcivitas (1162), Sant'Andrea (1166), and San Bartolomeo in Pantano (1167). The impact of this situation also reverberated on the nearby city of Prato, where the Cathedral, before 1163, clearly received the constructive influences of the Pistoia Cathedral.

Abstract

Cet article traite, pour la première fois, des commandes architecturales du moine bénédictin Atto pendant les trente années où le religieux fut d'abord prieur général des Vallombrosains (1125-1133) puis évêque de Pistoia (1133-1153). La première partie analyse en particulier les églises de Toscane, de Ligurie, de Lombardie, du Piémont et de Sardaigne (c'est-à-dire : Santa Maria di Montepiano, San Michele di Plaiano et San Michele di Salvenero, San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno à Pise et autres). Avant 1140, Atto obtint une relique de saint Jacques le Majeur de Saint Jacques de Compostelle qui, en 1145, fut placée dans une chapelle des deux premières travées de la nef sud de la cathédrale de San Zeno à Pistoia : l'attrait de la relique de saint Jacques inséra la ville dans une dimension internationale d'un point de vue artistique et architectural, faisant d'Atto un protagoniste de l'extraordinaire saison de construction de l'art roman européen. Cette initiative a en effet amené à Pistoia des artistes importants, qui ont travaillé dans les églises de San Giovanni Fuorcivitas (1162), Sant'Andrea (1166) et San Bartolomeo in Pantano (1167). L'impact de cette situation s'est également répercuté sur la ville voisine de Prato, où la cathédrale (avant 1163) a clairement reçu les influences constructives de la cathédrale de Pistoia.

Abstract

Tertullien, La résurrection de la chair. Introduction générale par Paolo Siniscalco †. Introduction au texte critique, texte latin, apparats et notes par Pietro Podolak. Traduction par Madeleine Moreau † — Paris, Cerf (Sources Chrétiennes, 638), 2023

Hilaire de Poitiers, Commentaires sur les Psaumes. Tome VI (Psaumes 127-133). Texte critique du CCL 61B (J. Doignon). Traduction, notes et index par Mgr Patrick Descourtieux — Paris, Cerf (Sources Chrétiennes, 643), 2024

Grégoire de Nysse, Homélies sur le Cantique des Cantiques. Tome II (Homélies VI-X). Texte grec de H. Langerbeck (GNO VI). Traduction de Mariette Canévet. Notice et notes de Mariette Canévet et Françoise Vinel — Paris, Cerf (Sources Chrétiennes, 644), 2024

Jérôme, Contre Jovinien. Livre I. Texte, introduction, traduction et notes par Luce Savoye — Paris, Cerf (Sources Chrétiennes, 637), 2023

Enrique Eguiarte, Regla de San Agustín. Estudio y exposición. Prólogo de Peter Brown — Pozuelo de Alarcón, Rafael Alejandro Lazcano González, Editor, 2024

Césaire d’Arles, Sermons sur l’Écriture. Tome II (Sermons 106-143). Texte critique de G. Morin. Traduction de Raoul Cappanera et Joël Courreau, révisée par Marie Pauliat. Notes de Marie Pauliat — Paris, Cerf (Sources Chrétiennes, 645), 2024

Grégoire le Grand, Registre des lettres. Tome VI (Livres X-XI). Texte latin de Dag Norberg (CCSL 140 A). Traduction, introduction et notes de Bruno Judic — Paris, Cerf (Sources Chrétiennes, 642), 2024

Taio Caesaravgvstanvs, Liber sententiarum. Quem edidit Julia Aguilar Miquel — Turnhout, Brepols (Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, CXVI A), 2022

Regino von Prüm, Sendhandbuch. Herausgegeben und übersetzt von Wilfried Hartmann. Teil 1 u. Teil 2 — Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Collectiones canonum, 1), 2023

Ramon Ordeig i Mata, Diplomatari del monestir de Sant Martí del Canigó (segle XII). Revisat i prologat per Aymat Catafau i amb un epíleg de Lourdes de Sanjosé — Vic, Ramon Ordeig i Mata (Estudis històrics, Diplomatari, 14), 2023

Maria Cristina Rossi, Gli autografi di Tommaso d’Aquino — Turnhout, Brepols (Corpus Christianorum, Autographa Medii Aeui, VIII), 2021

Gertrude d’Helfta, OEuvres spirituelles. Tome VI. Le manuscrit de Leipzig : Florilège – Mémorial de l’abondance de la suavité divine, 1e partie. Texte de Elena Tealdi et Sr Marie-Hélène Deloffre. Introduction, traduction et notes de Sr Marie-Hélène Deloffre — Paris, Cerf (Sources Chrétiennes, 634), 2023

Ugo Paoli & Paola Poli (sous la dir. de -), Le bolle di Celestino V. Presentazione di Sua Ecc.za Mons. Sergio Pagano — Firenze, SISMEL - Edizioni del Galluzzo (Corpus Coelestinianum, 2), 2023

Giustino Farnedi & Nadia Togni, Monasteri benedettini in Umbria. Alle radici del paesaggio umbro. Volume II — [Perugia], Regione Umbria et Cesena, Centro Storico Benedettino Italiano (Biblioteca del Monasticon Italiae, 2), 2023

Ruggero Benericetti, Note storiche sulle chiese dei monasteri femminili della città di Faenza durante l’età medievale e moderna (secoli XIII-XVIII) — Faenza, Tipografia Faentina Editrice, 2020

Judith Dietz [Curator/Commissaire], Centuries of Silence : The Discovery of the Salzinnes Antiphonal. Des siècles de silence : La découverte de l’antiphonaire de Salzinnes — Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada), Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, Musée des Beaux-Arts de la Nouvelle-Écosse, 2017

Matthieu Arnold, Gilbert Dahan & Annie Noblesse-Rocher (ouvrage publié sous la dir. de -), Actes 2, 1-13. Le parler en langues — Paris, Cerf (Études d’histoire de l’exégèse, 21. Lectio divina. Patrimoines), 2024

Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Generaliumque Decreta. Editio critica. V/1. The General Councils of the Eastern Christian Churches. The Synods of the Syrian Orthodox Church. Curantibus K. Dinno, E. A. Ishac, H. Kaufhold, M.-D. J. Kawak, G. A. Kiraz, R. Kitchen. Edidit A. Melloni. Adlaborante E. A. Ishac. V/2. The General Councils of the Eastern Christian Churches. The Synods of the Church of the East. Curantibus A. Becker, V. Berti, E. Fiori. M. Heimgartner, E. A. Ishac, C. Jullien, F. Jullien, R. Kitchen, C. Nakano, M.-J. Pierre, C.-S. Popa, M.-A. Royel, K. Smith, H. Teule, I. Timrs, L. Van Rompay. Edidit A. Melloni. Adlaborante E. A. Ishac — Turnhout, Brepols (Corpus Christianorum), 2023

Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Generaliumque Decreta. Editio critica. VI/1/1. Synods of the Churches of and after the Reformation. The Dawn of the Reformation (16th-17th Centuries). Part 1. Curantibus G. Braghi, E. Campi, Z. Csepregi, D. Dainese, I. Dingel, P. Hildebrand, G. Murdock, C. Scheidegger, J. Schilling, K. I. Stjerna. Edidit A. Melloni. Adlaborante G. Braghi. VI/1/2. Synods of the Churches of and after the Reformation. The Dawn of the Reformation (16th-17th Centuries). Part 2. Curantibus O. Bexell, G. Braghi, I. Dingel, I. Hazlett, J. Hund, H. P. Jürgens, T. Kirby, A. Mühling, G. Murdock, M. Ptaszyński. Edidit A. Melloni. Adlaborante G. Braghi — Turnhout, Brepols (Corpus Christianorum), 2023

Bettye Thomas Chambers, Bibliography of French Bibles. Supplement. Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century French-Language Editions of the Scriptures — Genève, Librairie Droz (Travaux d’Humanisme et Renaissance, 641), 2023

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