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1882
Volume 10, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1846-8551
  • E-ISSN: 2507-041X

Abstract

Abstract

This essay examines the phenomenon of Protestant Marianism in early modern Dutch visual culture. Assumptions that devotion to Mary must have waned after 1581 when the Calvinist regime of the Dutch Republic outlawed Catholicism neglect the sheer quantity of extant seventeenth-century Marian images and evidence of their immense popularity among both Catholics and Protestants. This paper asks how artists adapted traditional representations of Mary for a broad market in the Northern Netherlands and how Marian imagery, in turn, might have impacted Protestant theological teachings. I posit that Dutch artists, including Rembrandt, drew inspiration for their renderings of Mary as a domesticated woman from sixteenthcentury Flemish prints and paintings of the Holy Family. These works share in common the depiction of a nursing couch, associations with the , and evocations of Joseph’s role as Mary’s protector. I focus on an engraving of a nursing mother made before 1620 by the Utrecht artist, Magdalena van de Passe, which iconographically connects the Flemish pictorial precedents of the Holy Family with their mid seventeenth-century Dutch antecedents of the domesticated sacred family. The production of imagery depicting the domesticated Virgin coincided with her remarkable appropriation in theological literature for Reformed worship. Some Calvinist preachers, including Willem Sluiter and Jodocus van Lodenstein, sought to rekindle Marian devotion among the laity through hymns and poems in her praise. I argue that Mary’s transformation from an unearthly exemplar in Catholic veneration into an earthly Everywoman in early modern Dutch art facilitated her acceptance in Protestant religiosity.

Abstract

U tekstu se raspravlja o fenomenu protestantske mariologije u nizozemskoj vizualnoj kulturi ranog novog vijeka. Prepostavke o slabljenju pobožnosti prema Mariji nakon što kalvinistički režim 1581. zabranjuje katoličanstvo u Nizozemskoj, ne uzimaju u obzir velik broj sačuvanih slika iz 17. stoljeća s prikazom Marije, kao i dokaze njihove popularnosti među katolicima i protestantima. Pitanje koje se postavlja u ovom eseju jest kako su umjetnici prilagodili tradicionalne prikaze Marije za šire tržište u sjevernoj Nizozemskoj te kako su prikazi Marije mogli utjecati na protestantska teološka učenja. Autorica smatra da su nizozemski umjetnici, uključujući Rembrandta, crpili inspiraciju za vizualizaciju Marije kao obične žene iz flamanskih gra- fika i slika Svete Obitelji iz 16. st. Zajedničko ovim djelima jest prikaz naslonjača za dojenje, poveznice s prikazom te prizivanje Josipove uloge kao Marijina zaštitnika. U radu se analizira grafika s prikazom majke dojiteljice, koju je prije 1620. izradila utrechtska majstorica Magdalena van de Passe, a koja ikonografski povezuje flamanske slikovne preteče prikaza Svete Obitelji s nizozemskim scenama Svete Obitelji iz sredine 17. stoljeća. Izrada slika s prikazom Djevice Marije kao obične žene podudara se s njenom nevjerojatnom aproprijacijom u teološkoj literaturi za reformacijsko bogoslužje. Neki su kalvinistički propovjednici, poput Wilelma Sluitera i Jodocusa van Lodensteina, nastojali ponovno potaknuti marijanske pobožnosti među laicima putem himni i pjesama u njezinu hvalu i slavu. Marijina je transformacija iz nezemaljskog uzora u katoličkom štovanju u ovozemaljsku svakodnevnu ženu u nizozemskoj umjetnosti ranog novog vijeka, pomogla njezinom uvođenju u protestantsku religioznost.

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/content/journals/10.1484/J.IKON.4.2017019
2017-01-01
2025-12-05

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  • Article Type: Research Article
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