Euphrosyne

Abstract

The christological disputes of the IVth-VIIth centuries generated in the Christian East a specific rhetorical technique: the dramatisation of the exexegis of the New Covenant. Exexegis required a strenuous effort in the Hellenized world so impregnated with philosophical and rhetorical culture. The preacher who meant to convince his audience had to level up his explanation of the Holy Scripture to the height of the Hellenistic intellectual heritage and to resort to the most subtle rhetoric procedures. Dramatising scriptural episodes became thus an instrument of doctrinal persuasion, the theses of the preacher taking the shape of fictitions speeches that the New Covenant’s dramatis personae were supposed to pronounce. The study exemines and describes the technic of dramatising biblical comments and the genre it produced: the exegetical drama.

Abstract

Martinus Bracarensis is a special case in the study of the reception of Lucius Annaeus Seneca. The aim of this article is to outline the role Martinus really played as a user of Seneca’s prose work. The relationship between the two authors has hitherto been in a very flimsy context, owing to the imperfect delimitation of the real Martinus' corpus and to the superficial analysis of the works which actually reveal Seneca's influence.

Abstract

L’auteur anonyme de l’opuscule pseudo-isidorien De ortu et obitu patriarcharum (PL 83, 1275-1294; originaire de la région de Bavière, ca. 780) utilise dans son oeuvre un nombre assez grand de textes apocryphes pour compléter les renseignements biographiques sur les personnages bibliques, dont il ne trouve assez d’information ni dans la Bible ni dans la littérature canonique; cela prouve que l'auteur travaille dans un milieu où un certain type de littérature apocryhe n'est pas vue comme interdite, mais comme un bon complement de la littérature canonique. Parmi les oeuvres apocryphes, l'auteur anonyme se fait l’écho d’une version latine d’une Vita Adae et Evae, dont la circulation dans l'Europe pendant le Moyen Age s’est limitée, d’après tous les indices, aux milieux irlandais.

Abstract

This article surveys several classical themes found in the modern Portuguese oral tradition: Progne e Filomena, Hero e Leandro, Tarquinio e Lucrecia, Virgilio, which attributes an interesting romantic adventure to Virgil, and two stories derived from medieval Latin sources from the 12th and 13th centuries: Landarico (Merovigian period) and Empress Porcina (Oriental tale mediated by a Christianizing Latin source). The pan-Hispanic counterparts of the ballads are also discussed.

Abstract

The author discusses the 11. 32-33 of Horace’s Epistle to Augustus, which Shackleton Bailey, in his recent edition, considers interpolated. The thesis is proposed that Horace echoes in these 11. the allocution of Anchises in the Aeneid of Virgil, b. VI 11. 847-50: the three activities mentioned by Horace - painting, music and gymnastics - presuppose the same system of classification of the arts utilized by Virgil, who mentions sculpture, oratoty and astronomy (the system, of Aristotelian origin, in wich the arts are divided into the theoretical, the practical and the productive).

Abstract

On analyse du point de vue de l'esthétique de la réception et de la critique intertextuelle la présence d'Horace dans l’oeuvre de l’écrivain portugais Eça de Queirós (1845-1900). Comme résultat d’un double contact direct et indirect, la réception de l’écrivain latin se traduit sur le plan de l'expression par des citations et des allusions dont quelques-unes relèvent de la mémoire collective et, sur le plan du contenu, par un certain nombre d’idées et d’attitudes telles que la vision sceptique et épicurienne de la vie, l’extase devant la beauté bucolique de la nature, l’exaltation de la primauté des valeurs de l’art et les principes esthétiques de l’ArtPoétique qu’Eça de Queirós, faisant preuve d’une originalité assez remarquable, applique à la composition du conte en prose.

Abstract

Exile was the cause of a deep and definitive change in Ovid’s poetry. Because of new psychological and intellectual conditions, its previous principles cannot be applied any more. But as the poet finds in study a relief to his pain, he gradually discovers the power of poetry, which proves to be the instrument of a spiritual victory over the emperor. Ovid first tries to use it as a way to obtain his return to Rome, then he realizes the revival that has ensued. His poetry was light, objective and open to the world; it now becomes a serious poetry and a poetry of the individual the meaning of which can only be understood by reference to the poet himself. This change, however, does not result from a rational decision but almost happens without Ovid’s knowledge. Afraid of losing his identity, he still refers himself to traditional frames and myths and he thus appears to have initiated less a poetic revolution than a new and original use of old literary forms.

Abstract

Comme dans toute l'Europe où, grâce à la Renaissance carolingienne, la connaissance d’Ovide, se répand après le XII^e siècle, les témoignages de cette connaissance ne manquent pas au Portugal.

Luis de Camões connaît bien l’auteur des Métamorphoses et nous en trouvons de nombreuses preuves dans son oeuvre. Nous voulons analyser les échos de Met. XI, 410 ss. dans la tempête des Lusiades - Chant VI. On cite généralement le seul Vergile comme source de cet épisode. Mais, qu’il s’agisse de l’attitude des navigateurs pendant la tempête, ou des images multiples et suggestives (v.g. les oiseaux alcyons, qui sont le symbole de l’amour), la source qu’inspire Camões est Ovide.

La lecture comparée des textes des deux auteurs permet de se rendre compte que le poète épique portugais est un témoin privilégié de la réception d’Ovide, chez nous.

Abstract

Martial, à l’instar de tous les hommes, a eu des rêves, des soucis, des désirs et des ambitions. On peut bien les déceler dans ses Épigrammes et voir ensuite quels sont les buts qu’il réussit à atteindre. Avant 98, le poète désirait avoir une petite, humble mais confortable maison, des amis, l'amour de jeunes et beaux garçons, quelquefois des filles. Il voulait aussi ne plus avoir à supporter des patrons arrogants et d’en finir avec la vie difficile et ennuyeuse de cliens dans la bruyante Rome où il ne pouvait jamais dormir. Las de la capitale, Martial voulait surtout retourner à sa patrie. En 98, revenu à Bilbilis pour y terminer ses jours, on rencontre toutefois un Martial amer, déçu et qui n'a vraiment conquis autre chose que le droit de dormer autant qu’il en a envie.

Abstract

In hoc scripto, ex Romanorum artis musicae historia a se ipso nondum perfecta excerpto, affirmat auctor Apuleium etiam opus, quod De musica inscriptum est, composuisse; sed, cum hoc opus non iam exstet, quantum de musica - de fidibus et tibiis et vocibus - musicographus Madaurensis sciverit aliquot saltem locos operum, quae Metamorphoses et Florida inscribuntur, luculente testari posse.

Abstract

Study was carried out on cases of reticentia using categories offered by studies concerning this figure of speech. This made possible to analize and to identify as cases of reticentia two passages, the former taken from Amphitruo by Plautus (v. 741), the latter from an epistle to Atticus by Cicero (7,23,2).

Abstract

The study of myths allows a better knowledge of the steady, long-lasting background on which history is elaborated. Thus, it is myth which precedes and explains history, and not the contrary. The purpose of this paper is to show how the founding myths of Rome - the Trojan, the Greek origins - remain at full lenght in its story, but have a metamorphosis, according to the historic periods: Rome is both a memory and a breath.

Abstract

The motion, concerning the problems of debts of free communities, proposed by P. Servilius Isauricus the son and inspired by Cato, was accepted by the senate thanks to the wide support of the lower senators. It aimed at the corruption and the abuse of power, both by the local governors and in the senate, and thus announces the lex Julia de repetundis, containing a clause to the same effect. The sententia Servilii was not directed against the equites or publicani, but against those who were in the first place responsible for the mismanagement of the provinces. Consequently, the malevolentia, that, according to Cicero, made the motion popular, should be not be interpreted as a hostile feeling of the senators against the knights, but as a resentment by the majority of the senators of the exploits of the 'mighty few’ (the pauci potentes). The motion presumably confirmed the incompetence of the provincial governors in cases of debts of free communities, and provided guidelines for the treatment of these cases in Rome

Abstract

A análise linguística dos documentos notariais da Catalunha do séc. IX, que não possui literature propriamente dita, revela um conhecimento da língua latina mais correcto em princípios do século que em meados do mesmo, verificando-se uma ligeira melhoria em finais dele. Além disso, a análise estilística das variantes introduzidas nas fórmulas e dos raros passos de texto em composição livre revela, sobretudo nos diplomas mais solenes, alguns pequenos logros literários, que incluem hexámetros rítmicos, cursus, e figuras retóricas várias; influem nesses resultados também os modelos bíblicos (com particular relevo para os Salmos), textos patrísticos e jurídicos (o Liber iudicum), numa clara demonstração de que os redactors possuíam uma capacidade superior aos meios que estavam ao seu imediato alcance.

Abstract

The second centennial of the foundation in Braga of the ≪Colegio dos Orfaos≫ (Orphans’ College) (1791-1991), one of the oldest schools of arts and offices, on the initiative of D. Frei Caetano Brandao (1790-1805), gives the opportunity to remember the most remarkable pastoral, pedagogical and cultural action of this prominent metropolite, who was immortalized by Antonio Caetano do Amaral (1747-1819), a learned member of the ≪Real Academia das Ciencias de Lisboa≫ (Royal Academy of the Sciences of Lisbon), in his biographical Memories. We owe to this same scholar and erudite man the first Portuguese translation of the latin works of the archbishops of Braga S. Martinho de Dume (569-579) and S. Frutuoso (656-665), on the basis of the texts included in Espana Sagrada of H. Florez (1759), which he remarkably translated and commented, most of which at the request of D. Frei Caetano Brandao, an eminent prelate among the greatest educators of the XVIIIth century.

Abstract

Handbooks for the teaching of Latin and Greek at secondary school level in the French speaking part of Belgium.

Like society itself, education has undergone major mutations in Belgium over the past forty years. Methods for the teaching of classical languages have undergone a deep renewal; the inductive method has progressively imposed itself: it is based on the observation of language facts, their analysis and comparison leading to generalisations. The use of authentic ancient texts with a rich cultural content has also been privileged. This new approach is more scientific and favours active student participation. On the other hand, the school system - here secondary education in the French speaking part of Belgium - has undergone a deep renewal since the early seventies; the number of periods devoted to the teaching of Latin has been reduced drastically and the status of Latin has been modified accordingly. Grammatical translations from French into Latin and Greek have mostly been abandoned while literary translations from Latin and Greek and the study of classical authors have come to foreground. Comments and annotations have also been enriched by the insights gained through structuralism and linguistic research. This renewal of methods and renovation of the education system have led to deep changes in handbooks, especially those for the teaching of Latin and Greek. Their number has increased and they have constantly evolved. Our inventory lists the titles available in 1992 from the catalogues of Belgian publishers, the richest of which is Dessain's. French handbooks commonly used in Belgium are mentioned as well.

Abstract

This article deals with problems concerning the development of archeology in Rome in the last ten years. In the Eighties a series of favourable circumstances concurred to the realization of a great number of restorations, projects of research and archeological excavations that, thanks to the collaboration between the ≪Soprintendenza archeologica≫, the Universities and the Foreign Cultural Institutes, lead to important scientific results. This article describes also some of the most significative archaelogical excavations carried out recently in Rome. It has been chosen a significative example of each chronological period, from the archaic age to the Renaissance, not forgetting to make always reference to the stratigraphic sequence.

Abstract

Bilan de la recherche menée à bout au Portugal, dans les dernières cinq années, sur l’histoire de la période romaine. La plus importante bibliographie sur l'Histoire Ancienne proprement dite, sur l’archéologie, l’épigraphie et la numismatique, publiée dans des revues spécialisées ou présentée à des réunions scientifiques.

Abstract

Edições

Aristote, Problèmes. Tome 1-Sections I à X. Texte établi et traduit par Pierre Louis - Aires Pereira

Luciano, Subasta de vidas. Edición, introducción, traducción y notas de Inés Calero Secali - Manuel José de Sousa Barbosa

Virgil, Aeneid, Book XI. Edited by K. W. Gransden - Ana Alexandra Alves de Sousa Barbosa

T. Livius, Ab Vrbe condita, Libri XXVI-XXVII. Recognouit P. G. Walsh - Aires A. Nascimento .

Ovide, Les Fastes, Tome I - Livres I-II. Texte établi, traduit et commenté par Robert Schilling - Aires A. Nascimento

Ovidius, Ex Ponto libri quattuor. Recensuit J.A. Richmond - João Beato

Stace, Thebaïde. Livres V-VIII. Texte établi et traduit par Roger Lesueur - João Beato

R. P. H. Green, The Works of Ausonius - Paulo Farmhouse Alberto

Ambroise de Milan, Hymnes. Texte établi, traduit et annoté, sous la direction de Jacques Fontaine, par J.-L. Charlet, S. Deléani, Y.-M. Duval, J. Fontaine, A. Goulon, M.-H. Jullien, J. De Montgolfier, G. Nauroy, M. Perrin, H. Savon - Aires A. Nascimento

Orose, Histoires (Contre les Païens). Texte établi et traduit par Marie-Pierre Arnaud- -Lindet. Tome I (Livres I-III); Tome II (Livres IV-VI); Tome III (Livre VII, Index) - Aires A. Nascimento

Historia Compostellana, cura et studio Emma Falque Rey - Aires A. Nascimento

Beimiro Fernandes Pereira, As Orações de Obediência de Aquiles Estaço - Fernando Patricio de Lemos.

Albino de Almeida Matos, A Oração de Sapiência de Hilário Moreira - Fernando Patrício de Lemos

Traduções

Pseudo-Dionísio Areopagita, Obras completas - Aires A. Nascimento

Le Roman d'Ysengrin. Traduit et commenté par Elisabeth Charbonnier - Aires A. Nascimento

Léxicos, Indices, Concordâncias

Thesaurus Linguae Latinae - Aires A. Nascimento

Ovide, Amores. Index uerborum; listes de fréquence; relevés grammaticaux par Gérald Purnelle - João Beato

Cultura e História Literária

Daniel E. Gershenson, Apollo the Wolf-god - Victor Jabouille

Christiane Sourvinou-Inwood, «Reading» Greek Culture. Texts and Images, Rituals and Myths -Victor Jabouille.

Michele V. Ronnick, Cicero’s Paradoxa Stoicorum. A Commentary, and Interpretation and a Study of its Influence - Aires Pereira

Walter de Medeiros, Carlos Ascenso André, Virginia Soares Pereira, A Eneida em contraluz - Maria Cristina de Castro-Maia de Sousa Pimentel

J. Carcopino, Les bonnes leçons. Préface de J. Irigoin - Ana Alexandra Alves de Sousa Barbosa

B. R. Rees, Pelagius: a reluctant heretic - Manuel José de Sousa Barbosa

E. A. Thompson, Who was Saint Patrick? - Manuel José de Sousa Barbosa

Judith W. George, Venantius Fortunatus. A Latin Poet in Merovingian Gaul - Paulo Farmhouse Alberto

Tony Woodman & Jonathan Powel (ed.), Author and audience in Latin literature - Paulo Farmhouse Alberto

Historia, Epigrafia, Arqueologia

Alexandre Grandazzi, La Fondation de Rome -Réflexion sur l ’histoire -Fernando Patrício de Lemos

José Maria Blázquez, Nuevos Estudios sobre la Romanización - Victor Jabouille

José María Blázquez, Aportaciones al estudio de la España Romana - Bajo Imperio - Victor Jabouille

Giuseppe Constantino Dragan, Il Mondo dei Traci. La civiltà dei Traci: Tradizioni classiche e richerche arqueologiche moderne (V Symposium Internazionale di Tracologia, Spoleto 26-28 Novembre 1989) - Luis Coelho

Nicola Criniti, La tabula alimentaria di Veleia - Maria Manuela Alves Dias

André Daviault, Janine Lancha, Luis Alberto López Palomo, Un mosaico con inscripciones (Une mosaïque à inscriptions) Puente Genii (Córdoba) - Luís Coehlo

José Luis Maya, La cultura material de los castros asturianos - María Manuela Alves Dias

Susana Correia (coord.), Roteiros da Arqueologia Portuguesa, 3, Miróbriga - Maria Manuela Alves Dias

Vasco de Souza, Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani (Corpus der Skulpturen der Römischen Welt): Portugal - Maria Manuela Alves Dia