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1882
Volume 28, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1250-7334
  • E-ISSN: 2295-9718

Abstract

Abstract

Les deux grandes villes de Méditerranée orientale, Constantinople et Alexandrie, sont connues pour le nombre important de citernes antiques et médiévales qui y sont encore conservées. À partir de résultats de projets de recherche récents menés dans ces deux villes, cet article a pour objectif d’offrir une meilleure connaissance des ressources souterraines et de montrer comment celles-ci contribuent à éclairer l’histoire urbaine de l’Antiquité tardive et des périodes postérieures. Le caractère unique des hyponomoi alexandrins est décrit dans le contexte hydrogéologique de la ville. Des études récentes ont révélé l’importance des changements de la qualité de l’eau sur le long terme et les réponses apportées par de nouvelles citernes, plus grandes, entre le e et le e siècle. Les nombreuses citernes connues par d’anciennes descriptions d’Alexandrie comme par les recherches actuelles sont considérées comme remontant au moins au e siècle. Pour Constantinople, les recherches récentes ont montré que 209 citernes sont connues dans la péninsule historique : leur répartition est analysée et la citerne du monastère de Stoudios choisie comme nouveau cas d’étude puisqu’elle est structurellement antérieure à la basilique datée de 463. L’aménagement de cette citerne et d’autres de la même époque présente une forme innovante que l’on retrouve dans toute la ville. La comparaison avec les études récentes de Salamine à Chypre et Resafa en Syrie permet d’appréhender les processus de construction dans le contexte de nos connaissances relatives aux premières citernes romaines d’Afrique du Nord. Les études géochimiques des conduits d’aqueducs offrent un nouveau regard sur la qualité de l’eau des aménagements thraces, étudiée en rapport avec la fonction des grandes citernes ouvertes. La conclusion analyse les divers usages des citernes dans chacune des deux villes.

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2021-01-01
2025-12-05

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