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1882
Volume 66, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 0008-8994
  • E-ISSN: 1600-0498

Abstract

Abstract

Early modern alchemy was a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, a colourful mosaic of activities that shared the need for specialised apparatus. The importance of choosing the right equipment is frequently stressed in documents and examples of such equipment abound in written and iconographic sources. Archaeological excavations at sites such as alchemical laboratories and artisanal workshops have unearthed assemblages of laboratory tools, which provide us with the opportunity to investigate early modern alchemical practice through the lens of its material culture. Through the chemical analysis of the distillation equipment discovered at the 16th-century alchemical laboratory in Oberstockstall (Austria), this paper explores the history of the glass vessels that once filled it, how they were made and where they were sourced from. The results reveal that laboratory practitioners chose high-quality glass for vials and distillation flasks, with cheaper glasses being selected for objects that did not require specific characteristics. The former group belongs to a well-known manufacturing tradition that copied the sought-after Venetian crystal in central and northern Europe. Alchemists wanted perfectly clear glass which would allow them to see inside the vessels during chemical operations and thus maintain a better control over the reactions. Using material culture as the starting point, this paper investigates issues relating to the copying, mixing, and recycling employed to make glass more desirable for tools used in laboratory activities all over Europe.

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2025-12-05

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