Euphrosyne

Eight Latin lexica or lists of words (Forcellini, Georges, TLL, Oxford LD, Tombeurs TFTL, Corpus Inscript. Latin., Keil’s Grammatici and its Index Grammaticus by Lomanto - Marinone) are mentioned with Busa’s three indexes of Forcellini lemmas (92.052) a fronte, a tergo and by morphology. Being ≪documents≫, they do not obsolesce: each contains solely some useful information.

The following is a description of a computerized version of the corpus of Latin grammarians published by Heirich Keil in Leipzig between 1855 and 1880. The intent was to prepare an instrument which would serve both as a key to Keil's corpus and as basis for a re-edition of the work itself. The paper describes the corpus, the ways it was encoded, the pre-editing work, and how the material was organized for analysis by computer.

La lexicologie et ses applications ont étéprofondement transformées depuis un demi-siècle sous l'impact de la linguistique moderne (sociolinguistique, linguistique du discours, statistique, etc.) et des nouvelles technologies qui fournissent de puissants outils et sont gros utilisateurs de données. Le role qu’Antonio Zampolli a joué dans ce domaine fait de lui un Nouveau lexicographe des plus marquants. Afin de disposer d’une terminologie conforme aux démarches actuelles et à leurs objectifs, des notions-clé sont proposées ou explicitées ici: la Nouvelle lexicographie, avec pour sous-ensembles la Lexicographie, inventaire et analyse des mots dans leurs usages sans viser nécessairement un dictionnaire, la Dictionnairique, science des dictionnaires et pratique de leur production, et divers partenaires tels que la temunographie, la néolographie, la lexicomatique, etc.

Lexicology and its applications have been completely transformed since the last half-century under the impact of modern Linguistics (sociolinguistics, discourse linguistics, statistics, etc.) and of the new technologies which offer powerful tools and are able to manage a lot of data. The role of Antonio Zampolli within this domain makes him a new special lexicographer. In order to use a terminology suitable for these new trends and aims of this linguistic research, some key notions are here proposed or motivated: the New Lexicography and its sub-sets such as Lexicography, which is inventory and analysis of words in their uses without envisaging the production of a dictionary; ≪Dictionaries≫, which is the science of dictionaries and of the technologies for their production; and other branches as tenninography, neolography, ≪lexicotnatics≫ and so on.

This paper deals with semantic indexing problems in document retrieval system. Two approaches are presented: the ontological one and the hermeneutical one. The first approach allows document indexing and information retrieval through the definition of a semantic thesaurus. The underlying model enables to describe the semantics of a document in a multilingual context. This model, called a semantic graph, is an extension of the Sowa’s model of conceptual graphs where different vocabularies are available. Our proposition has been validated in the information retrieval system SyDoM. The second approach proposes to give users a note-taking and note-retrieving tool with the least possible external authority. We focus on how to reach this objective by using an acyclic graph handling tool and an ad hoc browsing algorithm. This approach is implemented in the Porphyry system.

The paper is chiefly devoted to outline the project PAWAG - Poorly Attested Words in Ancient Greek - which aims at producing a useful tool not just for research in Classics but also in the field of lexicography of Ancient Greek. It is a part of the wider project ARISTARCHUS, a set of working tools for research and teaching in the subject area of Greek and Latin ancient world and available in the new web site www.aristarchus.unige.it. The web site includes five items: 1) LGGA - Lessico dei Grammatici Greci Antichi; 2) PAWAG - Poorly Attested Words in Ancient Greek; 3) CPhCl - Catalogus Philologorum Classicorum; 4) CIAPh - Centro Italiano dell’Annee Philologique; 5) Mediaclassica, a kit for teaching Greek and Latin.

Since 1961 the Laboratory for statistical analysis of ancient languages (LASLA) at the University of Liege has recorded a high number of ancient Latin texts in a computer format. For each of the approximately 1,800,000 words of the corpus lexicological, morphological and syntactical information has been entered. The complete data bank is now accessible through the Internet: an inquiry software package makes it possible for any researcher to look up all occurrences of a specific language feature either in the whole corpus or in the works of a given writer. Research can be done either on a lexis item, or on a type of subordination, or again on the basis of morphological features. The system, which still has to be further developed, is available for anyone who files a request.

Some major problems still weight over the automatic treatment of Latin philosophical texts, especially when belonging to the Early Modern Age; among them there are the lack of effective OCR software for ancient books and of automatic dictionaries encompassing the whole Latinity as well. In both cases, a close collaboration between philologists and historians of philosophy could help overcoming the present difficulties. On the other hand, computational philology offers new perspectives in editing large textual corpora and, in particular, in editing manuscripts. A collaborative project concerning the digital edition of several writings of the German philosopher, G. W. Leibniz, is presently in preparation at the ITEM, which would involve other research institutions at the European level.

The computational processing of linguistic data raised for the first time the need to sistematically treat the problem of homography. This article puts the basis for studying homography in Latin. After an overview on possible types of homography, the authors report on results obtained from the LEMLAT lemmatizer. Lastly, some research perspectives which are considered necessary in order to obtain a systematic treatment of Latin homography are envisaged.

The article describes Olissipo prototype, produced in a project carried out by the Centro de Estudos Clássicos (Univ. Lisbon) and the Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale (CNR-Pisa), which aims at producing a tool for extraction and statistical analysis of basic vocabulary of Latin, supplemented by a module of automatic recognition of phrases within simple sentences, to be used by students and teachers.

Digital technology offers to the philological disciplines many new tools and techniques for the editorial work. These have been the topics discussed at the first Euroconference sponsored by the European Science Foundation, which was held in September 2003 near Pisa. More than 70 scholars and young researchers from many countries attended the conference. The following paper gives a brief description of the themes discussed and the future developments envisaged for the different sectors in which philological disciplines are subdivided.

Going to the elegiac text from the Homeric one, myths have been through a profound modification: so happens for Briseis, who becomes in the elegy a faithful and true mistress of Achilles. Representing Andromacha Propertius contaminates the epic model through the tragic one.

The purpose of this paper is, in the first place, to analyze the strategies used in Horace's ode 3, 30 for the construction of the text-monument metaphor, and how this metaphor works in the construction of the lyric personas identity. Secondly, we try to show how this metaphor enables the entry of that identity into Roman’s collective memory, and thereby guarantees its preservation post-mortem.

This paper provides a succinct study of the marginal notes present in codex M-II-16 of the Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial (Martial), especially those which refer to Book IV, in an attempt to apprehend paradigmatically the degree of acquaintance with the author and his work in the Spanish Renaissance.

This article aims to confirm that, in the remarking a fabula, the selection of separate segments of the action and above all their plot makes functional connections emerge, that organize the various texts in a different way. The purpose of this paper is to underline that the rereading sets the mythical archetypes to the winnowing of the interpretative rules of the reality, often new and diversified, due to the passing of time. The conclusion shows that Apuleius becomes banal the characters of the thematic nucleus to high anthropological concentration, that is the new Phaedra and the new Hippolitus of met. X 2-12, under the influence not only of the declamations, but also of the mimes, above all of Decimus Laberius.

The following essay is an attempt to demonstrate the connection between two typical features of the ancient magic: its female and foreigner nature. These features are implied within the concept of «non - omnipotence», which is connected with the idea of dolus (stemmed from the ancient magic) and in opposition to the divine omnipotence.

This article suggests a cause for the putative coolness in the relations between Jerome and Marcella after the former’s departure from Rome, casts doubt on the scepticism recently expressed about the historicity of her exegetical inquiries, and provides concrete evidence to show that Jerome’s knowledge of Hebrew was not as good as some scholars believe and as he himself would have liked them to.

The interpolation, in several manuscripts of the Herbarium of Pseudo-Apuleius, of prescriptions, taken from a Latin translation of Dioscorides, which are related to the Curae herbarum, allows us to distinguish three separate stages within the Dioscorides-based texts of the first part of the latter compilation: that of the translation of the Greek text into Latin, that of the reelaboration of this translation in order to adapt the prescriptions to the structure titulus morbi + cura, and, finally, that of the compilation of the surviving text of the Curae herbarum. On the other hand, the probable presence of the Pseudo-Apuleian interpolations in a manuscript of the second half of the 6th century (from which they have later disappeared, due to accidents of manuscript transmission) allows us to fix the middle of the 6th century as the terminus ante quem for the reelaboration of the translation. Finally, behind the Dioscorides-based texts in this manuscript we can glimpse a long process of fragmentation and modification, which does not fit in with the dating that has recently been proposed both for the translation itself and for the two compilations which are derived from it, the De herbis femininis and the Curae herbarum.