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    • Healing the Body Politic

      Healing the Body Politic

      Christine de Pizan (1364-1431) has been recognized as a poet, early humanist and feminist precursor but rarely as political theorist whose works were intended to have a direct impact on the tumultuous politics of her time. The essays in this collection focus on Christine as a political writer and provide an important resource for those wishing to understand her political thought. They locate her political writing in the late medieval tradition, discussing her indebtedness to Aristotle, Aquinas and Augustine as well as her transformations of their thought. They also illuminate Christine’s ‘political epistemology’: her understanding of political wisdom as a part of theology, the knowledge of God. New light is thrown on the circumstances which prompted Christine to write on political issues and on her attitude to Isabeau of Bavaria. These essays show that Christine’s originality consisted in her capacity to modify and feminize the tradition of Christian Aristotelianism through the use of elements of Christian imagery, in particular Mariology, in order to construct an image of the virtuous and prudent monarch which had lost the explicitly manly and warlike character of the Aristotelian . This reconfigured image of the monarch lent itself to the extension which she developed in her more feminist works, which demonstrated the prudence of women and their capacity, in times of need, to function as authoritative political figures.

    • Imagining the Book

      Imagining the Book

      offers a snapshot of current research in English manuscript study in the pre-modern period on the inter-related topics of patrons and collectors, compilers, editors and readers, and identities beyond the book. This volume responds to the recent development and institutionalization of ‘History of the Book’ within the wider discipline. Scholars working in the pre-printing era with the material vestiges of a predominantly manuscript culture are currently establishing their own models of production and reception. Research in this area is now an accepted part of twenty-first century medieval studies. Within such a context, it is frequently observed that scribal culture found imaginative ways to deal with the technological watersheds represented by the transition from memory to written record, roll to codex, or script to print. In such an ‘eventful’ environment, texts and books not infrequently slip through the semi-permeable boundaries laboured over by previous generations of medievalists, boundaries that demarcate orality and literacy; ‘literary’ and ‘historical’; ‘religious’ and ‘secular’; pre- and post-Conquest compositions, or ‘medieval’ and ‘Renaissance’ attitudes and writings. Once texts are regarded as offering indices of community- or self-definition, or models of piety and good behaviour (and the codices holding them statements of prestige and influence), the book historian is left to contemplate the real or imagined importance and status of books and writing within the larger socio-political, often local, milieux in which they were once produced and read.

    • In principio erat verbum

      In principio erat verbum

      Paul Tombeur a, pendant les nombreuses années de son enseignement à l’Université Catholique de Louvain, à Louvain-la-Neuve, été un professeur extraordinaire, passionné, exigeant, stimulant, curieux…

      Plusieurs des médiévistes qu’il a formés se sont réunis pour lui rendre hommage. De manière très diverse, mais toujours à partir de textes latins, puisque la diversité chronologique et thématique du latin est très chère à Paul Tombeur. Avec Augustin et Grégoire, Odon de Cluny, Hugues de Saint-Victor, Etienne Langton, Thomas d’Aquin…, mais aussi Gautier de Thérouanne, Honorius Augustodunensis, les commentaires liturgiques du XII s., les chartes françaises ou flamandes, c’est bien un latin très divers qui est ici mis à l’honneur. Et qui l’est de manière très diverse, puisque les contributions portent sur la théologie, la philosophie, l’hagiographie, la liturgie, la langue, le droit, la diplomatique…

      Un autre point commun entre les auteurs de ces est que, comme Paul Tombeur, ils ont mis au cœur de leur recherche et de leur réflexion le texte, et plus encore le mot, qu’ils étudient le plus souvent à l’aide des bases de données informatisées (), dont ils montrent à quel point elles peuvent renouveler les études médiévales.

    • Multicultural Europe and Cultural Exchange

      Multicultural Europe and Cultural Exchange

      Contemporary criticism focuses on contested issues at the borders and in the interstices of cultures. Medieval and Early Modern European culture, previously conceived as monolithic, is now being reconceived as heterogeneous, a site of tensions, contest, accommodation, and subversion. The essays in this volume describe a Europe that is multicultural in fact, and trace the exchanges between cultural groups, subcultures and dominant cultures, and between individuals and the cultures that they inhabit.

      The critical works in this volume are drawn from a variety of disciplines: art history, literary studies, history and historiography, and cultural studies. A number are interdisciplinary, examining topics of cultural studies as diverse as fashion, rhetorical self-fashioning, and the history of architecture, all in the context of their surrounding contexts. A special strength of this volume is the visual impact of its three illustrated articles. These essays will appeal to all who see the importance of reconceiving European history in terms of contemporary multicultural perspectives, as well as to those who are specially interested in medieval architecture, the history of fashion, French and English Renaissance literature, Hebraic studies, and medieval and Renaissance Mediterranean history.

    • Prêcher la paix et discipliner la société

      Prêcher la paix et discipliner la société

      La paix donnée par le Christ aux fidèles selon le verset de Jean (14, 27) — «Je vous laisse la paix, je vous donne ma paix» — fut envisagée, au Moyen Âge, en fonction de la capacité qu’avaient les hommes de l’établir au sein de la société et de la sauvegarder. La paix était étroitement liée à une théologie de la domination, renvoyant à Dieu tout en servant de fondement à divers modèles d’autorité et d’obéissance.

      C’est de cette paix prêchée pour discipliner et ordonner la société qu’il est surtout question dans ce livre, qui s’ouvre par une étude sur le sens et les usages des concepts de paix et de guerre entre l’Antiquité classique et l’Empire chrétien. La période envisagée ensuite — - siècles — est celle du renforcement, en Europe occidentale, des institutions urbaines, de la monarchie et de la papauté.

      Les études réunies ici ne se limitent pas aux productions savantes; elles tentent aussi de comprendre les relations entre idéologie et pratiques sociales, entre propagande et réception, entre discours et mécanismes de discipline sociale, entre prédication et mouvements collectifs, en observant comment les éléments majeurs énoncés dans les traités se sont glissés dans la parole publique.

      À une époque où l’on assiste à l’essor de toutes sortes de prises de parole et à un certain impérialisme de la prédication, le discours sur la paix pose la question des modalités de la rencontre des champs ecclésiastique et laïque dans ce genre de discours: quant au statut des personnes qui prennent la parole (clercs ou laïcs), aux lieux (l’église, la place publique, le conseil urbain, le parlement), aux formes (le sermon ou la harangue), à la langue (latin ou vulgaire), ou encore aux sources (références aux Anciens et à l’Écriture).

    • Reading Images and Texts

      Reading Images and Texts

      Relations between images and texts have benefited from an increase in scholarly attention. In medieval studies, art historians, historians, codicologists, philologists and others have applied their methods to the study of illuminated manuscripts and other works of art. These studies have shifted from a concern about the contents of the messages contained in the artefacts (e.g. in iconography) to an interest in the ways in which they were communicated to their intended audiences. The perception of texts and images, their reception by contemporaries and by later generations have become topics in their own right. According to some, medieval images may be ‘read’. According to others, the perception of images is fundamentally different from that of texts. The analysis of individual manuscripts and works of art remains the basis for any consideration of their transmission and uses. The interactions between non-verbal and verbal forms of communication, more in particular the relations between visual symbols other than writing and the recording of speech in writing, are important for the evaluation of both images and texts.

    • Religion, Culture, and Mentalities in the Medieval Low Countries

      Religion, Culture, and Mentalities in the Medieval Low Countries

      Ludo Milis graduated from Ghent University in 1961 as the last student of François-Louis Ganshof, who in the years after Henri Pirenne’s retirement was the most prominent representative of the famous “Ghent School” of medieval history. Milis’s own academic career at Ghent span four decades in which he followed in the footsteps of his masters, yet also explored new directions. Like his predecessors, Milis always attached great importance to the critical examination of primary sources, but for him, such work must serve broader historical inquiry guided by a precise set of questions and methodological rigor. His interests lay primarily in the study of religious and cultural history, which previously had been neglected at Ghent; he was also a pioneer in the history of mentalities in the Low Countries. Milis’s research and thought found expression in several books, among which his (Boydell, 1992), translated into many languages, was probably the most influential.

      This collection contains eleven essays published between 1969 and 1990. Most of them appeared in Dutch or French and have now been translated into English; two essays previously published in English were newly edited. All provide unique insight in the major themes of Milis’s work: the religious history of the Low Countries during the early and high Middle Ages, as well as the problem of religious conversion and persuasion; the rise of regular canons in the eleventh and twelfth centuries (also the subject of his doctoral dissertation on the order of Arrouaise, published in 1969); the uses of power and ideology; and the history of French Flanders. All bear witness to Milis’s inspiring ability to ask original, probing questions and to write historical syntheses accessible to a wide audience.

      The collection is presented to Ludo Milis by his students on the occasion of his retirement and his sixty-fifth birthday.

    • Rewriting the Middle Ages in the Twentieth Century

      Rewriting the Middle Ages in the Twentieth Century

      Rewriting the Middle Ages in the Twentieth Century offers analytical introductions to the biographical and academic trajectories as well as the scholarly contributions of the most important medievalists of the 20th century, privileging the contexts in which their influential texts in modern medieval studies were articulated and their effect on subsequent approaches to the field. The volume pays tribute to the medievalists-historians, philologists, literary critics, philosophers, historians of art and science, and theologians-whose work effectively forged contemporary academics and acknowledges a debt of gratitude for the trail they blazed in the twentieth century. An introductory essay provides a comprehensive examination of the development of historiographical perspectives on medieval studies as shaped by the subjects of the volume, contextualizing the individual chapters and offering a critical reconsideration of the manifold ways in which medievalism has been inscribed. The chapters in the book develop from interdisciplinary and transversal strategies which reflect the kind of originative work enacted by both the subjects of the volume and the scholars who write about them. A concluding essay summarizes the place of the medievalists in relation to their professional identity, to the time in which they worked, and to the national spaces that marked their scholarly production.

    • Rituals, Images, and Words

      Rituals, Images, and Words

      This collection of essays by Australian scholars offers a wealth of contemporary perspectives on cultural communication amongst men and women in late medieval and early modern Europe. Essays dealing with Florence and Venice, with Rome, Lucca, Ferrara, and Bologna, as well as with Germany, England, and Lorraine, draw attention to the array of cultural expressions which competed for space and influence across European societies of the period.

      These rich studies demonstrate the vitality of cultural production during a period of rapid and often violent transition. Variously focused on formal religious rites, on painting, sculpture, and woodcuts, on sermons, poetry, and letters, the contributors pursue cultural meaning as a matter of social identity and social context - as a performance that can be shown to affirm and also exclude particular topical values. highlights the complex and subtle power of rhetorical forms in the history and historiography of late medieval and early modern Europe.

    • Royautés imaginaires

      Royautés imaginaires

      L’imaginaire ne se réduit pas au chimérique, au non-être. Depuis l’Antiquité, artistes, poètes et philosophes pressentent qu’il procède du désir et appartient en premier lieu au registre de l’individuel: forces pulsionnelles, messages de soi à soi, le rêve et bientôt la création n’ont pas attendu le discours de la psychanalyse ou des diverses sciences de la culture pour forger leurs mondes autour de la réalité partagée. Les sociétés à leur tour se sont lancées par cette voie dans la quête de leur identité et ont assigné à leurs mythes le soin d’exprimer leur structure. Pour autant, le lecteur s’apercevra au fil des douze communications assemblées ci-après que les royautés évoquées ressortissent rarement du pur imaginaire et conservent jalousement un lien organique avec leur référent concret. Il conviendrait davantage de parler de la royauté comme objet d’imagination, en ce qu’elle représente le point de fixation suprême du désir.

    • Saints, Scholars, and Politicians

      Saints, Scholars, and Politicians

      Over the past eighteen years, gender has become a major analytical tool in medieval studies. The purpose of this volume is to evaluate its use and to search for ways in which to improve and enhance its value. The authors address the question of how gender relates to other tools of medieval research. Several articles criticize the way in which an exclusive focus on gender tends to obscure the impact of other factors, for instance class, politics, economy, or the genre in which a source is written. Other articles address ‘wrong’ ways of using gender, for instance monolithic or anachronistic views of what constitutes differences between men and women. The intention is that this selection of case studies further establishes and enhances the indispensability of gender as an analytical tool within medieval studies.

      The volume has been produced in recognition of the work of the Groningen medievalist, Anneke B. Mulder-Bakker, on the occasion of her sixty-fifth birthday. She is the person primarily responsible for introducing to the Netherlands gender as a legitimate and useful tool in medieval studies. The contributors are medievalists from a range of countries and different backgrounds. They were selected in order to test Dr Mulder-Bakker’s ideas on methodology and interdisciplinarity through a series of case-studies.

    • Text and Controversy from Wyclif to Bale

      Text and Controversy from Wyclif to Bale

      reflects and develops Anne Hudson’s pioneering work in textual criticism and religious controversy from the late medieval period to the Reformation. Written by newly emergent as well as internationally recognised scholars, the volume explores the wide spectrum of religious thought and practices between c. 1360 and c. 1560. Many essays, following the methodology of Anne Hudson’s scholarship, engage in the close study of manuscripts and archival holdings, disclosing new material and offering significant re-evaluation of documentary evidence and neglected texts. At a time of urgent calls for the reform of the Church, both in Britain and in mainland Europe, the voices of heresy can not always be distinguished from those of orthodox critics. Anne Hudson’s coinage of the term ‘grey area’ to describe the indeterminate boundary between radical orthodoxy and heterodoxy provides the lead for investigations into theological debate, devotional habits, and censorship. The volume significantly redefines our understanding of texts, history, and controversies from Wyclif to Bale.

    • Duns Scot à Paris, 1302-2002

      Duns Scot à Paris, 1302-2002

      Le colloque «Duns Scot à Paris, 1302-2002» (2-4 septembre 2002) a commémoré le sept centième anniversaire de l’arrivée, à l’Université de Paris, de Jean Duns Scot, l’une des rares dates connues dans la vie du plus grand philosophe et théologien du tournant des XIII et XIV siècles. Il a permis de faire le point des dernières découvertes historiques et philologiques, et de donner un état des recherches scotistes en cours, qui ont connu un essor rapide et même inattendu ces dernières années. Après une introduction de caractère historique (‘Paris, 1302’), l’on trouvera dans ce volume une succession d’études portant sur la logique, l’épistémologie et la sémantique (2 partie), la métaphysique (3 partie), l’éthique et la psychologie (4 partie), la théologie (5 partie). La sixième partie enfin (‘Paris 2002’) compare les contributions de Duns Scot aux réflexions contemporaines (sur le temps, autrui, le langage). Cet volume est un instantané des travaux les plus récents: à la fois un bilan des connaissances sur la fin du XIII siècle, une série d’interprétations originales et une somme d’analyses philosophiques.

    • Exile in the Middle Ages

      Exile in the Middle Ages

      Exile in the Middle Ages took many different forms. As a literary theme it has received much scholarly attention in the Latin, Greek and vernacular traditions. The historical and legal phenomenon of exile is relatively unexplored territory. In the secular world, it usually meant banishment of a person by a higher authority for political reasons, resulting in the exile leaving home for a shorter or longer period. Sometimes an exile did not wait to be expelled but left of his or her own accord. Leaving home to go on pilgrimage, or, in the case of women to marry, could be experienced as a form of exile. In the ecclesiastical sphere, two forms of exile stand out. Monasticism was often seen as a form of spiritual (permanent) exile from the secular world. Excommunication was a punishment exercised by the Church authorities in order to eject persons (often only temporarily) from the community of Christians. Banishment as a form of social punishment is therefore the central theme of this volume on Exile in the Middle Ages. The book covers the period of the central Middle Ages from ca. 900 to ca. 1300 in Western Europe, though some chapters have a wider remit. The genesis of the volume was a series of presentations delivered at the Leeds International Medieval Congress in 2002, which was devoted to the theme of Exile.

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