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Cet ouvrage vise à explorer les modalités d’exploitation des ressources naturelles dans la Maremme siennoise – autour de la ville de Massa Marittima – à la fin du Moyen Âge. La séquence chronologique resserrée permet d’embrasser une ample documentation (urbaine notariée) provenant de différents fonds archivistiques ou des données archéologiques et d’étudier ensemble un large panel d’activités rurales artisanales et industrielles qui jusqu’alors n’avaient pas toutes été analysées ensemble. La période retenue (1470-1500) correspond à un moment de basculement marqué notamment par la reprise de la production métallurgique par l’essor de la production d’alun et par des bouleversements politiques majeurs qui affectent l’État siennois (avec notamment la mise en place à partir de 1487 d’un régime oligarchique). Les ressources sont au coeur des relations nouvelles qui se nouent entre les Massétans et désormais les élites siennoises qui entendent tirer profit de nouvelles richesses. L’ouvrage entend proposer un aperçu des modifications sociales politiques et environnementales qui confèrent un destin singulier à la Maremme.

The two books of Scriptor Cantor & Notator present an innovative multi-author project dealing with the complex interconnections between learning writing and performing chant in the Middle Ages. A number of different methodological approaches have been employed with the aim of beginning to understand the phenomenon of chant transmission over a large geographical area linking and contrasting modern definitions of East and West. Thus in spite of this wide geographical spread and the consequent variety of rites languages and musical styles involved the common thread of parallels and similarities between various chant repertoires arising from the need to fix oral repertories in a written form and the challenges involved in so doing are what bring this wide variety of repertoires and approaches together. This multi-centric multi-disciplinary approach will encourage scholars working in these areas to consider their work as part of a much larger geographical and historical picture and thus reveal to reader and listener more and far richer patterns of connections and developments than might otherwise have been suspected. The Materiality of Sound in Chant Manuscripts in the East brings together articles on ancient Greek Byzantine Coptic and Armenian music scripts in the East. Together with the collection of essays published in The Materiality of Sound in Chant Manuscripts in the West these books discuss local scribal peculiarities and idiosyncrasies beyond the cultural and geographical contexts of production and uses of their manuscript sources.

Studies of medical learning in medieval England Wales Ireland and Scandinavia have traditionally focused on each geographical region individually with the North Atlantic perceived as a region largely peripheral to European culture. Such an approach however means that knowledge within this part of the world is never considered in the context of more global interactions where scholars were in fact deeply engaged in wider intellectual currents concerning medicine and healing that stemmed from both continental Europe and the Middle East.

The chapters in this interdisciplinary collection draw together new research from historians literary scholars and linguists working on Norse English and Celtic material in order to bring fresh insights into the multilingual and cross-cultural nature of medical learning in northern Europe during the Middle Ages c. 700–1600. They interrogate medical texts and ideas in both Latin and vernacular languages addressing questions of translation cultural and scientific inheritance and exchange and historical conceptions of health and the human being within nature. In doing so this volume offers an in-depth study of the reception and transmission of medical knowledge that furthers our understanding both of scholarship in the medieval North Atlantic and across medieval Europe as a whole.

While the multilingualism of the medieval world has been at the forefront of research agendas across medieval studies in recent years there nonetheless remain many questions to answer. What for example were the stakes and consequences of multilingualism for literary culture? And how do these change if we think of multilingualism through cultural social artistic or material lenses? Taking such concerns as their starting point the essays in this volume address a variety of aspects of medieval literature and literary culture related to multilingualism. They deal with multilingualism in relation to manuscripts literary contexts and historical contexts. The chapters gathered together here address considerations that have been overlooked in previous scholarship and ask where the future of the study of medieval multilingualism lies. Contributions to the volume are grouped thematically rather than by date or period in order to draw out comparative perspectives with the aim of encouraging innovative new approaches to future research in the field.

Translators are crucial to the constitution dissemination and adaptation of literatures cultures and ideas. However their presence in the historical record often proves difficult to recognise or retrace. This volume places front and centre this key problem for historians of translation as well as for historians of literature culture and ideas. It sheds new light on the much-debated (in)visibility of historical translators by investigating in what contexts and through what strategies translators sought to render themselves either (in)visible and how critics and scholars can now trace these efforts. When and how does the visible metamorphose into the invisible and vice versa?

The volume focuses on the long eighteenth century a period which witnesses a metamorphosis in literature and culture that tells powerfully on translators. From relatively visible cultural actors they are reduced to enforced invisibility as cultural products stabilised their meanings around singular authors. Tracing this shift across a swathe of products and practices the book conducts its investigations across a range of genres ranging from radical politics over philosophy to opera; taking in languages and cultures across Western Europe.

Chapters employ case studies to develop methodological and theoretical models that will empower scholars of translation history to recover translators both from the direct evidence of their work and from the networks and tools that supported them.

In the early modern period Poland–Lithuania stood as a realm where the echoes of a storied past intertwined with the ambitions of a dynamic present. This volume illuminates how its diverse populace navigated the complexities of their shared heritage weaving tradition with innovation to craft a uniquely multi-layered identity. The essays presented here examine the dual nature of historical inheritance in this vast polity. On the one hand the past served as a treasure trove of enduring ideas compelling narratives and time-tested practices that enriched cultural and political life. On the other it posed formidable challenges requiring creative adaptation to meet the demands of changing times. By exploring established narratives performative traditions and historical frameworks the contributors uncover the intricate ways in which memory influenced decision-making and societal evolution. They reveal how the past was neither static nor simply an obstacle but was an active force that shaped contemporary aspirations and inspired visions of the future. Through the lenses of rulers nobles intellectuals and commoners this collection offers fresh perspectives on how the people of Poland–Lithuania harnessed the power of history to craft a legacy that transcended their era. Essential reading for scholars and enthusiasts alike this work examines the enduring dialogue between memory and identity in one of Europe’s most compelling early modern states.

On 4 August 1897 farm workers in Elche — the site of ancient Ilici — discovered an Iberian sculpture of a woman that dated from the fifth– fourth centuries BCE. French archaeologist Pierre Paris dubbed this figure ‘the Lady of Elche’ and promptly purchased the sculpture on behalf of the Louvre Museum. There she drew the attention of European scholars who were intrigued by her stylistic features finally concluding that she bore witness to the existence of a specifically Iberian art. Since her discovery the Lady of Elche has been a source of fascination not only for scholars but also for artists and she has become an icon of regional and national identity across Spain. This volume co-written by an archaeologist and an anthropologist and translated here into English for the first time seeks to explore the importance of the Lady of Elche both for students of the past and for the peoples of Iberia. The authors here explore not only what we know — and still do not know — about her creation but also engage with key questions about what she represents for the men and women of our time who have questioned manipulated admired loved and often reinvented the singular beauty of this iconic figure.

Si les premières traces de ritualisation musicale (noces banquets…) remontent au début du xiii e siècle avec les jongleurs ce n’est vraiment qu’à partir du siècle suivant que les ménétriers ou joueurs d’instruments sont chargés de la représentation des pouvoirs et de l’animation de la vie sociale dans sa totalité (fêtes politiques et religieuses de métiers calendaires votives familiales etc.) et qu’ils se regroupent en confréries ou corporations.

S’appuyant sur son « terrain » toulousain premier ainsi que sur le dépouillement systématique de deux siècles de littérature sur les ménétriers des provinces françaises et sur la collaboration de certains chercheurs en régions l’auteur propose une nouvelle réflexion d’ampleur sur le personnage historique du ménétrier (plus de trois mille musiciens recensés) son genre son statut social (poids de la marginalité musicienne des aveugles mendiants concurrence des musiciens occasionnels comme les maîtres d’école) sa fonction sa pratique et ses formes d’organisation.

Cette étude d’anthropologie musicale historique est doublée d’une approche territoriale cette géographie ménétrière étant abordée au niveau des provinces des villes (notamment des quarante ayant abrité des corporations et confréries ménétrières) des villages et de l’organisation administrative de ce vaste espace de la Ménestrandise (royauté et lieutenances ménétrières). Par ailleurs cette histoire sensible de l’art des ménétriers est aussi celle de leur rapport aux musiques dites « savantes » d’église aux cultures musicales autres comme celle des Bohémiens. 

À l’aide de nombreuses archives de tableaux cartes documents iconographiques cet ouvrage dépeint la grande fresque d’une musique historique encore méconnue malgré sa longévité et sa centralité sociale et sociétale celle des ménestrels et joueurs d’instruments.

This collection of essays aims to offer a multi-disciplinary approach to nineteenth and early twentieth century scholarship on Jesus and early Christianity which illustrates the width and depth of the questions that critical reflections on the historical Jesus raised in and beyond the field of liberal theology. More precisely it focuses on Jesus scholarship as practiced in various disciplines and fields that engaged with the academic study of religion. On the other hand this volume aims for a comprehensive multi-perspectivist historicization of this scholarship considering the full range of religious cultural racial political and national dynamics that hosted the many controversies over the historical Jesus.Divided into five sections the eleven essays in this book are organized according to guiding themes and a loose chronological structure. The first section revisits the roots of the Forschung in Liberal-Protestant Germany and especially focuses on the maturation of historical-critical consciousness in the work of Reimarus (and his predecessors) Schleiermacher and Strauss. The second section is concerned with the rise of the “oriental Jesus” against the background of the making of the academic non-theological study of religion as a scientific discipline. The third section explores how themes related to the historical Jesus and the rise of Christianity were treated among different academic disciplines from the early second half of the nineteenth century onwards. The fourth section explores how the historical Jesus was at the same time further explored by the biblical scholars and theologians who integrated new comparative methods in their research. The fifth section finally highlights the cultural-political appropriations that were made of scholarly writings on Jesus which not rarely constituted the bricks with which radical political movements built their houses.

In the late Middle Ages the Percy earls of Northumberland and the bishops of Durham were two of the largest landholders in the North East of England. This book is a study of their estate administrations based on the extant manorial accounts from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. Examining the documents holistically it investigates the shapes of the records and the materials they were written upon as well as how they were used and stored to provide new insights into late medieval lordly administration. Such a material-focussed approach explores the concurrent use of rolls booklets paper and parchment for different types of manorial accounts and at different steps of the multistage production and audit process. It also examines the hands drafting editing and auditing the accounts in addition to the layout and presentation of the contents of the records to further our understanding of the written burden of proof required in the management and audit of large estates in late medieval England. Studying the financial accounts of the earls of Northumberland and the bishops of Durham from a material perspective reveals two highly sophisticated administrative systems and structures of accountability.